Documents found
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1531.More information
Numerous explanations have been proposed in the scientific literature as to the determinants of adherence to conspiracism, each involving an assemblage of variables significantly linked to these beliefs. This paper aims to go beyond monocausal explanations and contribute to a general model of conspiracy adherence, which can explain this adherence through three major vectors: existential motives, linked to the need for control; epistemological motives, stemming from the need to make sense; and identity motives, linked to the need to belong to a group and the need to defend this group against a threat, whether real or imagined. Using data extracted from a quantitative survey of 2000 Quebec respondents, we assess the relevance of this proposition by measuring the coherence of each of these vectors with the Quebec population, and the strength of their link with conspiracism.
Keywords: conspirationnisme, théories du complot, raisonnement motivé, besoins psychologiques, sondage, Québec, conspiracism, conspiracy theories, motivated reasoning, psychological needs, survey, Quebec
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1532.More information
This article examines the first stages of the constitution of a Quebec anti-sanitary measures network on Twitter between March 12, the date of the announcement by the Premier of Quebec of the first sanitary restrictions, and March 31, 2020. Based on a sociotechnical approach, it examines the assembly of anti-sanitary discourses and the role of the different actors, both human and technological, who contribute to shaping their contours and content. Through the analysis of the four stages that punctuate the elaboration of a network—problematization, interest, enrolment, and mobilization of allies—it demonstrates how a populism from below takes shape over the course of the exchanges, fuelled by conspiracy theories, which contribute to the crystallization of an opposition between the elites and the people. The stabilization of the identity of this network is thus not based on a substratum of shared facts, or on a common reading grid of the health crisis, but on a posture of denunciation of the political, economic, and scientific elites. It thus allows the convergence of the “anti-,” including the anti-vaccines, anti-environmentalists, and anti-pluralists, but above all the anti-elites and anti-systems, and participates very early in the crisis provoked by COVID‑19 in the enlargement of the network.
Keywords: réseau antimesures sanitaires, Twitter, approche sociotechnique, populisme, théories du complot, anti-sanitary measures network, Twitter, sociotechnical approach, populism, conspiracy theories
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1533.More information
This article offers a panorama of the presence of music in the literary review Mercure de France during an effervescent period for French musical life. In the pages of the review, Jean Marnold built on the scandal following Maurice Ravel's failure at the Prix de Rome, as this played a decisive role in the spread of a violent polemic surrounding the creation of the Société musicale indépendante. Music thus occupied an important space—over 700 texts between 1890 and 1914—that shed light on the music scene and the issues driving it at the time. Wagnerism was the favourite subject of the review's music critics as evidenced, moreover, by the inquiry into German influence on French intellectual life conducted by the review in 1902. But probably the most significant factor is the symbolist network established around the review, which found its musical direction through support for a forgotten composer, Gabriel Fabre, whose music charmed fashionable circles at the turn of the twentieth century. The Mercure de France is therefore an exceptional source for studying the reception of music whose richness lies in its interdisciplinary character.
Keywords: Critique musicale, Débats esthétiques, Gabriel Fabre, Jean Marnold, Symbolisme, Wagnérisme, Music criticism, Aesthetic debates, Gabriel Fabre, Jean Marnold, Symbolism, Wagnerism
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1534.More information
This article aims at exploring adjustment mechanisms and political reconfigurations within the context of a rural and industrial area of Eastern France during the early days of the “Gilets Jaunes” movement. Particular attention is paid to the social perceptions and trajectories of a left-wing working-class retired couple who live in an area they qualify as far-right territory. In order to understand to what extent these left-wing working-class individuals come to mingle with other social classes whom they feel politically and socially distant from, this article combines a socio-spatial analysis of the area and an ethnographic survey. This article thus aims to show the couple's perceptions of the political field and of the social groups met in the context of a local mobilization of national scale. This couple has been trying to pass on their activist culture, showing while doing so how activist capital can play a part in the long term and spread throughout the local scene. Putting forward local roots along with a shared rejection of national political elites enables them to overcome their differences in order to reconfigure some sort of popular “us.”
Keywords: Gilets jaunes, mondes ruraux, politique, inégalités socio-spatiales, Gilets jaunes, rural worlds, politics, socio-spatial inequalities
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1539.More information
Despite his lukewarm reaction to Léon Lemonnier's movement, André Baillon was — and still is — frequently branded as a populist, especially after his death. One may be surprised to observe how those same traits that prompt some critics to brand Baillon a populist compel others to label him a regionalist or a proponent of the proletarian literature. While such conflicting descriptions undoubtedly shed little light on Baillon, they speak volumes on the ambiguous nature of these literary movements. Furthermore, such conflicting labels are also to blame for the post-Second World War sinking of the Belgian novelist's works into oblivion.
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1540.More information
Branko Milanovic is one of the leading world specialists on inequality. An economist at the World Bank, he’s been dealing with issues related to income distribution for decades. In a book published this year, {The Haves and the Have-Nots}, he manages to make complex ideas about inequalities within individuals, nations and globally accessible to a wide audience. In it, his essays on these topics are illustrated by audacious and very original « vignettes » in which he answers fascinating and diverse questions such as: Were affluent Romans comparatively richer than today’s super riches? Does the place where you are born influence the revenue you will generate over a lifetime? What did Anna Karenina get for falling in love? Will China survive by the mid-century? Who has the richest person in the world been? Feeding his reflections with the findings of Vilfredo Pareto, Karl Marx, Alexis de Tocqueville, John Rawls or Simon Kuznets at a time when the issue of inequality has become so important, his book enlightens us on a topic that is both ancient and captivating. Branko Milanovic has answered Sens Public’s questions.