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8864.More information
At a time when the principles of sustainable planning are widely applied in Canada and the United States, suburban shopping centres are increasingly viewed by public authorities as underutilized urban spaces due for redevelopment. On the side of developers and retailers, the concept of the mall has been losing its attractiveness for the past twenty years, in favor of e commerce. In this article, we would like to discuss this new trend of redeveloping shopping malls into densified neighborhoods that include residential, commercial, and office spaces. More specifically, we will study the case of the “Place Fleur de Lys” real estate project in Quebec City, where there are many suburban shopping malls, despite its reputation as being a heritage city, which offer several opportunities in terms of densification.
Keywords: Espaces urbains, Urban spaces, urbanisme durable, sustainable planning, shopping centers, centres commerciaux, requalification, requalification
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8865.More information
AbstractAnalysis of the various programmes offered by the Canada Council for the Arts reveals that government financial aid is not sufficient to allow for the consistent creation of operatic works. This is further borne out by studies of the operations of various professional organisations that benefit from these programmes (including professional and university workshops), as well as all the mechanisms that surround the premiere of a new opera (from its commissioning to its first staging). In sum, most of the funds are used to meet operating costs of the country's various operatic organisations. In order for Canadian opera to thrive, composers must turn to lyrical companies and not opera houses.
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8866.More information
The author examines the major recorded oil spills into international and nationalseas, some of them occurring in Canada, caused by supertankers: the TorreyCanyon, the Arrow, the Amoco Cadiz, the Gino, the Aegean Captain and theAtlantic Express, the Odyssey, the Exxon Valdez, the Braer, the Maersk Navigator,the Erika, the Prestige and the Ixtoc 1 (oil well).But, there are a lot more accidents, since those black tides began, in 1960. Eachyear, since the seventies, we could count around half-dozen of such oil spills disasters.Annex A provides a table listing all oil spill accidents from tankers since1975 involving more than 20 000 tonnes of oil. Annex B provides the chronologicallist of all accidents since 1960.Following the recent verdict in the Total SA affair (the Erika charterer), announcedby the Paris Criminal Court on January 16, 2008, after several years of trial, theauthor takes this opportunity of studying oil spill accidents and causes, someresearch programs, ecological and economical impacts, legal aspects, insuranceand indemnification, all in order to learn some lessons from such perils of sea.
Keywords: Hydrocarbures, pollution par les pétroliers, pollution maritime, OMI, conventions internationales, FIPOL (fonds d'indemnisation), Petroleum, oil pollution from tankers, marine pollution, IMO, internationalconventions, FIPOL (compensation funds)
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8867.More information
After a century of attempts to establish a uniform system for maritime transportation liability, it is somewhat paradoxical that this matter now is sometimes governed by the Rules of the Hague, by the Rules of the Hague-Visby or by the Rules of Hamburg. The author demonstrates how intent to set up a unique international legal framework splintered into a multitude of legal systems that compete with one another for the maritime transportation liability, at the expense of goods owners. Each system continues to impose a ceiling on maritime transportation liability, yet most of them still grant maritime carriers with various exonerating circumstances.
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8869.
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