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How does accelerating environmental change affect inequality, and conversely, how does increasing inequality affect environmental dynamics? We present a systematic mapping that investigates the relationship between these two crucial aspects of sustainable development in five Mekong River Basin countries: Cambodia, Laos, Myanmar, Thailand and Vietnam. Inequalities are considered by examining the impact of environmental issues-such as land and water policies, economic interventions in hydropower, mining, or commercial plantations, climate disasters, pollution, and health problems – on various population groups – including ethnic minorities, precarious populations, smallholders, women, or migrants. 14570 scientific publications, books or reports in the "grey literature" were collected and screened by title, abstract and full text. 2355 articles are included in the systematic mapping over the period 1978-2020. In general, articles that directly address inequalities in relation to environmental change are rare and recent. Three themes appear particularly represented: access to resources and rights issues (967 articles); climate change and the impacts of natural disasters (533 articles); and the – growing – aspects related to pollution (299 articles). The systematic map sets the scene of research interests, their distribution geographically, and evolution over time, on how various groups of people being affected by environmental changes. A repository is built with an open access to all abstract-selected references to support further research and projects on sub-topics of the inequality-environmental change nexus, and support science-based policy decisions.
Keywords: inégalités environnementales, cartographie systématique, Mékong, droits, climat, pollution, environmental inequalities, systematic map, Mekong, rights, climate, pollution
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This article examines a theoretical perspective chosen to address the humanitarian in anthropology. The proposition draws on a vision of humanitarian work based on the actors and the meaning of their actions, on the polysemic and multilocal features of this phenomenom, on the importance given to fieldworkers and actors rather than to strategic managers. The respective methodologies of two projects are described here [showing on one hand the possibilities of what we could call “humanitarian at home”, that is, the work of Canadian and Québécois refugee agencies, and the humanitarian abroad, that is, the work of a crossborder international agency (Handicap International) and its links with a Brazilian NGO (Vida Brasil) in the handicap domain.] Some examples are then brought into the discussion to try to understand the heuristic character of this approach.
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ABSTRACTDuring the years 1870-1895, literary associations in Quebec benefitted from increased autonomy more strictly based on literary criteria. As the foundation of the Royal Society of Canada attests, the battle to take part and to be recognized in the literary field now took place on a new level. Rather than opposing liberals and ultramontanes, both preoccupied more with advancing their ideals than with literature per se, the controversies and the antagonisms stirred up by the Society concerned the internal structures of the literary field, that is, the positions in it of individual and groups competing for literary legitimacy. This trend toward increased autonomy also characterized many literary clubs, circles and coteries who in encouraging the emergence of an informed public, became a means of gaining acknowledgement from peers. Such groups prefigure the literary institution, a modern form incarnated at the end of the century in the École littéraire de Montréal.
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SummaryRecent changes in work organisations have so far been analyzed largely in terms of whether actual changes have measured up to the exhortations and prescriptions of those who promote and describe these changes. This sceptical empirical approach, though valuable, misses a major point: that the importance of these changes is not simply their empirical application, but their existence as a vision of the enterprise, a formulation of how managers and staff relate, a conception of what managers and employees are, as social individuals. This view uses the language of enterprise and the technology of culture change programmes to define employees and their work in terms of post-bureaucratic organizations where controls is achieved through the reconciliation of individual and corporate goals. The connections between these views and the Thatcherite political and social context within which they occur are underlined.