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Six parks, nearly 500 hours of observation, more than 60 interviews, just one question: what do young people aged 16 to 25 do at night in Montreal? While often placed in opposition to the civilized and legitimate life of day, the night is defined from two angles: on the one hand, as a moment of accentuated insecurity and vulnerability for some, on the other hand, as a moment of freedom and festive explorations. As the city of Montreal begins a reflection on nocturnal governance, and in view of European examples where the night is already well invested by a framework focusing on the commodification of nocturnal hyperactivity, our data collected in the summer of 2020 reveals a third dimension of the night: one where young people experience ordinary nocturnal activities, centered on the sensory experience of calm, the search for intimacy (between themselves, in known territory) and freedom (being themselves, outside the diurnal constraints and demands).

Anthropologists, Bernard Arcand and Serge Bouchard use two old scientific instruments, close reading and writing, in their analysis of the contemporary, postmodernist, north-american civilization. They published five collections of Lieux communs — more than clichés: ideological patterns, social automatisms — that are satiric descriptions of sports, TV, domestic games, technologies, advertising and merchandising. Who are their ancestors, their relatives? Sceptic philosophers, classic jrench moralists, surrealists, sructuralists, deconstructionnists? On the inner links between things and words, these new anthropologists have some theoretical and literary questions.

An increasing number of States have decided to contract out the management of their airports. This new paradigm has paved the way for new business opportunities in the private sector. In 1995, The KEELY group signed a contract with the Valisian government to build and operate Talip Airport. This paper aims at describing the implementation of a public-private partnership in the airport business, and subsequently at looking at the various aspects of such a cooperation scheme forming an equitable business partnership. Paying more attention to these partners' concomitant expectations and strategies enabled us to introduce the concept of a "balanced ecosystem".

Keywords: gestion aéroportuaire, partenariat public-privé, concessions, étude de cas, écosystème concilié, Airport Management, Public-Private Partnerships, Concessions, Case Study, Balanced Ecosystems, Gestión Aeroportuaria, Alianzas Público-Privadas, Concesiones, Caso de Estudio, Ecosistema Equilibrado

AbstractBased on my May 2005 presentation to the Société canadienne de science économique, this article summarizes the content of my book devoted to market institutions in sub-Saharan Africa. Organized around the ideas of trust and information sharing, the article discusses concepts and empirical findings pertaining to the enforcement of contracts in Africa. I argue that the fear of losing valuable relationships is the dominant enforcement mechanism in markets for manufactures and agricultural products. Contrary to much of the theoretical emphasis on reputational contracting, coordinated collective exclusion of cheaters is unknown. But decentralized exclusion can arise if breach of contract is interpreted as a signal of impending bankruptcy. I discuss the circulation of information about type and behavior, which is fraught with incentive problems, and the role of networks in shaping market interaction.

Social-economy organizations are not well developed in South Korea, and even the concept of the social economy is almost unknown. Most of the cooperatives, nonprofit organizations and foundations are either closely controlled by government or essentially profit-oriented. However, the recent appearance of healthcare cooperatives, consumer cooperatives and organic food cooperatives as well as various types of social enterprises reflects a new approach and suggests the possible emergence of a sector whose growth has long been stymied by Confucianism's ancient hold. This article tries to measure the economic and social impact of Korean Confucianism as seen in the ubiquitous presence of the state, which has left little autonomy for civil society and kept social solidarity contained within families and companies. On top of this “ultural embeddedness” comes the “political embeddedness” that has resulted from Korea's contemporary political history—the Japanese occupation, civil war and a succession of anticommunist dictatorial regimes.

This article looks at how the activities of multinational companies (MNCs) abroad are presented in the media of their country of origin. Drawing on the critical discourse analysis of business press articles related to the operations of the French multinational Danone in China, it reveals how the media's speech revolves around some typical types of discourse, mainly a cultural / nationalist one. The article thus questions the scope of discursive patterns already identified in the literature, while it complements them.

Keywords: discours, analyse critique du discours, firmes multinationales, média, discourse, critical discourse analysis, multinationals, media, discurso, análisis crítico del discurso, empresas multinacionales, medios de comunicación

In this article, I plan to present the beguine (a musical genre and dance from Martinique, Guadeloupe and Guyana) as a kind of rhizome root whose rooting flexibility takes its form from Creole influences. My approach will involve emphasizing the rhizomatic development of the beguine and of contemporary West Indian jazz, two musical genres resulting from the insular nature of Caribbean entities, through a historico-cultural connection that examines their meaning as sociocultural, geo-archipelagic and meditative symbols. For this purpose, I will ask the question to what extent their creation as art forms depicts at one and the same time insular anchors and bridges to dialogue and relationship in a world of cultural diversity. This study brings to light the awakenings and possible explorations which are available to the musicians who create and their West Indian fellows through the rhythmic and cultural universes reproduced at the centre of the compositions which make up these two musical genres. At the outset, the focus will be on the major role played by two cities, one insular, the other continental, in the influence of the beguine: the former capital of Martinique, Saint Pierre, (at the end of the 19th and beginning of the 20th centuries) and Paris (from the 1930s to the present day). Next, studying the development of the beguine to West Indian jazz will enable me to highlight the position of the Caribbean musician-architect (more specifically, Martinican and Guadeloupean) who makes use of a technical understanding of music and of his subjective quality of sensitivity to give birth to creations which invite listeners to a meditative journey in the West Indian Creole archipelago.

Keywords: Routard, motivation, dynamiques spatiales, nature, aventure