Documents found
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313.
Malthus et l'Asie : relecture et mise en perspective du système démographique préindustriel japonais
More informationAbstractThis article addresses the issue of the Malthusian vision of an Asia governed by positive checks. In summarizing recent studies on Japan, the article examines demographic indicators and uses them to dismantle Malthusian assumptions. An analysis of preventive checks indicates that different means existed to reduce fertility pressures. The Japanese could adapt their age at marriage, control their marital fertility and regulate the survival of their children according to economic, social and demographic circumstances. The Malthusian vision, however comprehensive, does not take into account the extreme diversity among historical populations. Analysis of the Japanese demographic system highlights the need to reformulate the definition of positive and preventive checks and to place demographic behaviours in their social context.
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314.More information
AbstractKeenly interested in Russian literature, Paul Morand was especially marked by his reading of Dostoevsky. If Gogol, Turgenev and Tolstoy steered him towards the tradition of Balzacian realism, the author of The Writer's Diary influenced him in a way that went beyond literature. The proof lies in an essay that occupies a discrete place in Morand's work but constitutes a mother lode: L'Europe russe annoncée par Dostoïevski (1948) (Russian Europe heralded by Dostoevsky). This article purports to examine Dostoevsky's importance using the moral context in which Morand outlined his major post-War narratives such as Le flagellant de Séville (The Flogger of Seville) and Le dernier jour de l'Inquisition (The Last Day of the Inquisition).
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316.More information
SummaryDuring the 1980s, the conservative rhetoric which prevailed in the United States and Great Britain, and with less vigour in Canada, fuelled speculations regarding a crisis of the Welfare State. In the current context of globalization, it is important to know whether this North American or Anglo-Saxon drift is also occurring in Europe, which would thereby be a site of a phenomenon of the convergence of social protection systems, a convergence which would entail a fundamental change in the coherence underlying social protection systems in Europe. This article compares Welfare States, presents recent developments in Anglo-Saxon countries and continental Europe, and focuses more particularly on the issue of workfare, concluding that while widespread doubts have been raised, the trajectories of individual countries remain rooted in models and institutions already in place.
Keywords: État-providence, protection sociale, Amérique du Nord, Europe, workfare, institutions, compétitivité, mondialisation, intégration continentale, marché du travail, Welfare State, social protection, North America, Europe, workfare, competitiveness, globalization, integration, continental, labour market, Estado benefactor, protección social, Norteamérica, Europa, workfare, instituciones, competitividad, mundialización, integración continental, mercado de trabajo
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317.More information
This paper argues that NATO'S Partnership for Peace initiative, launched in 1994, has helped transfer democratic norms of civil-military relations, as practised in liberal regimes, to the countries of the Visegrad Group. In fact, this « return to Europe » has led to three of these countries gaining membership in a fifth expansion of the Atlantic Alliance. In the absence of a comprehensive theory of civil-military relations, we can say that the a priori and a posteriori control mechanisms of Partnership for Peace have been an ideal means for NATO to enlarge Us sphere of influence beyond its current boundaries. By combining these mechanisms with the different factors that emerge from various theories on diffusion of norms and on cooperation, analysis of the transformations observed in the Visegrad countries reveals the multidimensionality of the concept of security in the post-Cold War era. The multidimensionality of the security concept is therefore a key element to be considered when we analyze the motives that brought about the transfer of democratic norms to the Visegrad countries.
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319.More information
AbstractThis paper uses recently declassified sources to trace Ottawa's reaction to the Hungarian Revolution, challenging the traditional view that Canadian policy was swift and generous. It argues that Ottawa responded to the events in Budapest cautiously, keeping with the modest dimensions of its foreign policy. While the government's decision to accept almost 40 000 Hungarian refugees remains at the core of the narrative, this paper also explores the revolution's impact on Canadian foreign policy. It locates the reaction to the crisis against the backdrop of Ottawa's evolving attitude toward the ussr after Stalin's death. The moderation in Canada's Soviet policy beginning in 1954 conditioned the response to the crisis in Hungary and reinforced Ottawa's determination to engage the Soviet Union and Eastern Europe constructively, despite the events of November 1956.