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341.More information
AbstractThe liberal international agenda promoted by the European Union is in crisis. Despite some progress, the still very young security and defence policies put in place by the European Union has failed to reach its objectives. Europe has a problem of strategic mindset, commitment and capabilities, all of which led to the implementation of an obsolete type of humanitarian interventions and operations. More broadly, ESDP suffers from recurrent illusions about soft power, mistaken beliefs about human security and flawed assessments of risks. The gap is dangerously wide between the political conditions that made ESDP operations possible and the strategic requirements that will make them successful. The credibility of the Union as a strategic actor is at stake.
Keywords: politique étrangère européenne, sécurité européenne, esdp, eu foreign policy, European security, esdp, liberal internationalism
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350.More information
The situation of the Roma's differs from that of other minorities in Hungary and Romania. This is mainly because of the discrimination which they are particularly subjected to and also because they do not have any motherland to which they can be linked to. The author hereby proposes a threefold study of the Roma's social and judicial conjuncture specific to the Hungarian and Romanian experience. First, she analyzes the Roma's situation before the fall of communism in order to better understand the particularities thereof. Second, she examines their present situation and assesses respective national legislations in the minority protection sphere in order to evaluate if the latest measures implemented can effectively improve, or offer a permanent solution to the contemporary problems they are confronted to. The author completes her analysis by determining the extent to which a potential European Union integration would create an impact on the protection of the Roma's rights. Consequently, the author comes to the conclusion that present national legislations are insufficient to offset racial discrimination or discrimination based on ethnicity and that is affecting the Roma's. The author also articulates the necessity of a sustainable detailed approach before being able to speak of a true pluralistic democracy and of enhanced minority rights for the Roma's in both Hungary and Romania. The possibility of integrating the European Union has recently forced the hand of both the Hungarian and Romanian govemments to alter their policies in a positive way. However, results remain below expectations and the situation has yet to improve beyond what is necessary for the Roma's situation to improve in a substantial way.