Documents found
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31.More information
This article deals with the unemployment problem in Europe. While the prevailing explanations sources of unemployment such as jobless growth, rigid labour markets and the process of globalization are rejected, it is argued that technological backwardness, slow growth and investment rates are responsible for the high European unemployment rate. A change in the mix of economic policy implemented in Europe is proposed in order to decelerate real interest rate, increase investments, GDP and employment.
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Using a method of content analysis which has been elaborated specifically to that end, this research analyses the perception of the French political parties with regard to Europe, the European institutions and the European integration process in general. The data selected to that end were the speeches pronounced during the French referendum on Europe held in April 1972. The main conclusion of this comparative analysis is to the effect that the image that the French political parties have presented of Europe and of the European institutions at that time, was altogether a rather abstract, idealist and descriptive one, which did not emphasize the necessity for further integration.
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Since Dulles'policy, American administrations developed an image of Europe based on fear and communist expansion. They intended to help and promote a Europe defined by themselves, that is to say a rampart against Soviet enemy. But with the end of the Soviet Union, is a new construction of european image by the American executive power expressed ? This paper gives answers and deals with the elements of european image diffused by the administration Bush since autumn 2000. It underlines the security stakes that contribute to define this image (antimissile defense, european capacities in defense, PECSD, enlargement of NATO) and reveals in post-cold War a soft and large Europe dependent on American interests. The second part of this article explains the structural factors as for the nature of this image like self-representation (a superposer and the structure of international role in the global System), politics' time perceptions and agenda's definition, the persistence of polarity between the two continents
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The authoress focuses her attention on three major issues. She starts her deliberations by referring to the roots of philosophical and pedagogical ides of Europeanism. Then, she describes contemporary Europe from the perspective: of the world (external) and Europe itself (internal) creating a perspective for further analyses. Assuming that education is a screen of culture, the authoress points out interpretative bridges aimed at portraying education holistically understood as: being in the world, in Europe, “at home”. Ultimately, she shows the challenging areas for education, which should integrate three modi of contemporary man's existence: cosmopolitan, European, ethnic.
Keywords: éducation européenne, racines philosophico-pédagogiques de l'idée d'européanité, dialogue malgré les différences, indépendance-innovation-coopération, intégration-intention-interprétation-imagination-intuition, european education, philosophical and pedagogical roots of the Europeanness idea, dialog despite differences, independence-innovation-cooperation, integration-interpretation-imagination-intuition
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40.More information
Intellectuals have been accused of failing to restore a European confidence undermined by crisis. Yet calls for legitimating European narratives – combined with nostalgia for a golden age of Europeanism – remain faithful to the logic of nineteenth-century nation building, argues Jan-Werner Müller. What, then, should Europe's intellectuals be doing?