Documents found
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3061.More information
Having imposed new practices of rampant jurisdiction in an attempt to pressure big fishery companies out of squandering the transzonal resources in the high seas contiguous to their Exclusive Economic Zone, Canada, Chile and Argentina got most U.N. member states to adopt an agreement on straddling stocks and high migratory fish species in August 1995. The agreement comes handy to sort out anarchic practices among competitors. It clearly favours coastal states as they can use the principles of compatibility and precaution to impose their views regarding the conservation and the exploitation of the biological resources concerned. The agreement can be regarded as an implicit endorsement of Canada's claims. Canadian laws provide for the use of force, which goes against the rules set by the international law. Caribbean nation-states, most of them LDCS still operating within their own EEZ boundaries, have no other choice but to devise ways to make the best of the new legislation in the foreseeable future. The odds are that, owing to the shortcomings of the world's legal new deal, they stand Utile chance of deriving any substantial advantage from it, for all the apparent benefit resulting from the implementation a "deep-sea fishing compensatory law".
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3064.More information
Propped by Norway's diplomatic breakthrough in getting Israel and the PLO to forego their protracted state of war and negotiate their way toward a peaceful coexistence, this study focuses on small state mediation. It is an intellectual endeavor to shed light on a small state intervening as a third party mediator in some conflict-ridden international disputes. Because of the normative and legalistic approach that has dominated the study of international relations for quite some time, it is not surprising that the process of mediation can be difficult to grasp or, at least, subject to misunderstanding. Highlighting the small state mediation paradigm, the essay sets out Us background and offers an interpretative analysis of Us value. It addresses a number of questions pertaining to this avenue for international conflict management. For instance, where does international mediation fit within the larger spectrum of international peace mechanisms ? What are the distinguishing features of a small state's style of intervention, and how does a small state mediation differ from other mediatory schemes such as those intiated by other actors ? Most importantly, where does a small state's wherewithal to bring about a peaceful settlement of an international dispute stem from ? These and other questions are carefully probed in an attempt to grasp the dynamic of small state mediation.
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3067.
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3068.More information
Among all threats to maritime security, today piracy is certainly the most famous of them. Following a series of unprecedented violent attacks, the international community sent a military fleet off the coast of Somalia in 2008 to restore order and security. However, given the significant costs of such device, some legal scholars have not hesitated to support a greater use of the private sector in the fight against piracy. To achieve this, the resurgence of letters of marque, which allowed, during the past centuries, the practice of privateering, was proposed. This attempt to use the privateers against these threats is not devoid of legal issues regarding their conformity with modern international law. Far to dismiss the relevance of a greater use of private sector, the author underlines the need for a permanent mechanism in which companies will contribute to current and future naval presences. After establishing the terms of use of letters of marque by States, the author suggests the establishment of a partnership between public and private sector whose terms will remove all risks inherent to the use of private military companies.
Keywords: Corsaires, piraterie, lettre de marque, partenariat public-privé, haute mer, sociétés militaires privées, sécurité privée, navire d'État, Privateers, piracy, letter of marque, public-private partnership, high sea, private military companies, private security, public vessel
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3069.
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3070.