Documents found
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2052.More information
AbstractThe author reviews recent studies on social and occupational mobility. Twenty years after his joint publication with R. Bendix Social Mobility in Industrial Society, he is able to utilize the abundant data available form the communist countries : U.S.S.R., Poland, Czechoslovakia, Hungary, and Yugoslavia. He shows that the research conducted in these countries repeatedly demonstrates that differences in rates of social mobility vary according to family's occupational status. Then, examining the results from such social-democratic nations as Sweden and Great Britain, he shows that there too, family origins are reflected in the rates of mobility, much as in France. He concludes that no nation has yet found the solution to inequality for children of the lower classes.
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2056.
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2057.More information
Court artist Jan Cornelisz Vermeyen produced a set of cartoons for the Tunis tapestries commissioned by Mary of Hungary and woven in Brussels in c. 1546–54. Throughout the ten extant cartoons, women are subjected to violence, but they are also presented as economically valuable captives and slaves. In the sole surviving preparatory drawing, Vermeyen recorded more extreme physical depredation, with the corpse of a young, obese woman lying on her side with her garments pulled up to expose her pubic mound and her upper left arm sliced open in two places. The violated woman rendered the rapaciousness of soldiers an inescapable fact. In addition, viewers may have associated the victim with the North African practice of bride fattening. However, this disturbing figure was eliminated from the final tapestries. While we lack direct testimony about that decision, it may have been informed by a combination of sexual, ethnographic, and medical discourses.
Keywords: Charles V, Charles Quint, Muley al-Hassan, Muley al-Hassan, Marie de Hongrie, Mary of Hungary, Tunis, Tunis, carton, Cartoon, tapisserie, Tapestry, Rape, viol, Bride Fattening, gavage des femmes
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2058.More information
ABSTRACTWe suppose that women (couples), who are less than 40 years old, are faced with three types of sequential decisions: the fertility decision, the decision relative to the number of children to have and the decision concerning labour force participation. The hierarchical process of decision defines different situations (eight) that have an option value. We use a nested polychotomous discrete choice model to estimate the responsiveness of the behaviour of "married" women in Québec to variations in the expected flow of revenue resulting from changes in the parameters of the personal income tax and in the level of public monetary transfers conditional on the number of children. The model is estimated with micro-data from 9 repeated cross-sections for the years 1975 to 1987 with a full information maximum likelihood method. Our estimation of female wage equations conditional on the number of children takes into account the problem of sample selectivity. Finally this empirical setting is used to simulate the effects of changes made to the fiscal and tranfer policies in favor of families with dependent children on fertility, women labour force participation and the importance of spending costs for the two levels of government.