Documents found
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6221.More information
Colonial archives let the voices of the colonizers be heard more than those of the colonized. From the analysis of precise documents - the archives produced by European actors - the purpose of this article is to bring to light two inverse processes. On the one hand, one that made the “indigenous” voices inaudible, and on the other, one through which certain African actors have tried to regain their agency by making their voices audible in return.
Keywords: sociolinguistics, sociolinguistique, voice, voix, colonial archives, archives coloniales, Afrique de l'Ouest, Western Africa
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6223.More information
Keywords: Marron, Juminer Bertène, Maquis, Bouadjio Victor, Histoire, Mémoire, Juminer Bertène, Bouadjio Victor
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6224.More information
The issues involved in remembering slavery have taken on worldwide significance. This reflection deals with initiatives to heritagize the remembrance of slavery in Bordeaux (France) and Port-au-Prince (Haiti). It is based on an interpretation of the results from our 2013 fieldwork investigations in Bordeaux and Port-au-Prince, along with participant observations and archival research. Implied is the fact that the heritage of slavery remembered in Bordeaux represents a therapy for the moral stigmatization and contributes toward promoting “living better together” in a society which is undergoing, more and more, a process of creolization. In Port-au-Prince that heritage is, rather, one that speaks of victimization, protests and recognition; it is, in fact, at a crossroad between a desire to mourn over slavery and the affirmation of greatness on the part of the people of Haiti in order to understand their social environment.
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6225.More information
The distinctiveness of Quebec postmodernism can be seen in the relationship of theoretical, critical and fictive discourses. On this basis, the author describes the principle axes which define Quebec postmodernism today, notably, experimental writing, the questioning of History, feminism, nihilism and heterogeneity. The analysis of this last concept in Jacques Poulin's Volkswagen Blues demonstrates how the novel addresses contemporary issues of marginal behaviour and of ethnic, racial and sexual identity.
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6226.More information
AbstractIf Braudel's idea of a grammar of civilizations is to be taken more seriously than it was in the book which used it as a title, the shared basic components of civilizational patterns must be defined more precisely. The working hypothesis formulated by M. Hodgson – that civilizations are distinguished not so much by their constituent elements as by the relative weight and the particular interrelations of these elements – can be taken as a guideline. The paper explores several approaches to this problematic. Civilizations can (with reference to the argument adumbrated by Durkheim and Mauss) be analyzed as different ways of combining cultural, political and economic dimensions. They can also, when understood in terms of longue durée dynamics, be approached through closer examination of the elementary structures of traditions; here Hodgson's suggestions are particularly useful. Finally, civilizations appear – following a line of interpretation pioneered by S. N. Eisenstadt – as frameworks for long-term transformations of relations between the cultural, institutional and organizational levels of societies.
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6227.
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6228.More information
The life, and above all the death, of the Jesuit missionary Jean de Brébeuf in 17th century Huronia occupies a complex and evolving position in the Canadian imaginary. A key historical figure at the time of initial contact between European colonisers and the Indigenous peoples of what is now Canada, Brébeuf was destined to become larger than the historical role he played in life. With his death, Brébeuf entered into the realm of mythic representations of Canada. The present article seeks to trace the historical trajectory of Brébeuf's place in anglophone and francophone Canadian literature. Through a reading of three representative literary texts, the article will suggest that the literary depiction of Brébeuf may be closely aligned with historically changing conceptions of Canada according to Francophone, Anglophone and Indigenous understandings of the national identity.
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6229.More information
In God is Red, Vine Deloria Jr. claims that in religions based on revelations “beliefs substitute for lived experience”. Experience is however central to Native American tribal religions, in which death is not anticipated with fear, but as the accomplishment of one's destiny. Based on fieldwork among the Wayuu of Columbia, South America and among the Dene Tha of northwestern Alberta in Canada, this paper demonstrates that notwithstanding their common apprehension of the world based on personal experience, the manner in which the Wayuu and Dene Tha face their own death and that of others in their midst differ significantly according to their distinct cosmologies and ontologies. In both societies, however, special attention is given to dreams which are occasions of meetings with the deceased and thus constitute a form of intersubjectivity which bridges the here and the beyond.
Keywords: christianisme, autochtones, religions tribales, Amérique du Nord, Amérique du Sud, conceptions de la mort, christianity, Indigenous, tribal religions, North America, South America, conceptions of death
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6230.More information
AbstractFrom the beginning of her writing career, Madeleine Ouellette-Michalska has worked to deconstruct the exclusively masculine vision of woman, or what she calls "discourses of the eye." In her theoretical writings, she dreams of an absent maternal language that would allow the expression of a woman's reality concealed behind patriarchal myths. This "feminist reading" of her work analyzes the links between her theoretical texts and her own literary practice, especially her major works of the eighties (La tentation de dire and La maison Trestler), which seem to embody the complete fulfillment of her theoretical project.