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Some of the Jewish death rituals described in this article remained unchanged over centuries, while others have been modified or abandoned. Our study aims at showing, on the one hand, that tradition is a real place for creativity, and on the other hand, that rituals unveil a tension between life and death. Our examination allows us to observe how, in many of those rituals, the deceased must be treated as still alive, while the grieving person is to be treated as dead.

Keywords: rite, mort, vie, tradition, judaïsme, rite, death, life, tradition, Judaism

The presence in Canada of a large population from Muslim countries has given rise to new litigation relating to religion-based family institutions. The courts are increasingly called upon to give effect to divorce decisions made under Muslim laws. Despite liberalism characterizing the regime for the recognition and enforcement of foreign decisions, Quebec jurisprudence is prima facie quite resistant to the reception of Islamic divorces. This contribution aims to determine the different variables that influence the effectiveness of these judgments in the Quebec legal space. The analysis highlights the ambivalence of the case law which reflects the tension between two imperatives: that of preserving the cohesion and the values of the forum's legal order, on the one hand, and that of promoting international harmony between solutions, on the other hand.

Tariff convergence is part of the gradual privatization of the Algerian health care system that began in the late 1980s. The transition from a logic of free access to health care to a market logic represents an upheaval for patients. In order to understand the formation of tariffs in the private healthcare, we mixed a qualitative survey by semi-structured interviews with 16 founders of the clinics and the administration of a questionnaire to 40 permanent doctors of these clinics with a full-time activity. Our results show that the absence of an official tariff scheme in the Algerian private clinics has promoted the establishment of conventional tariff and remuneration systems, adopted by different actors especially to overcome the lack of regulation of the private healthcare. We observe a strong collective commitment to tariff devices, without sacrificing freedom of doctors as autonomous professionals on fixing their own tariff according to their own criteria. The emerging privatization of the Algerian health system is part of an overall international dynamic that would require a gradual change in the paradigm of public action.

Keywords: commoditization, private clinic, tariff convergence, Algeria, marchandisation, clinique privée, convergence tarifaire, Algérie

Keywords: HÔPITAL, PADHUE, RECHERCHE QUALITATIVE, ENQUÊTE BIOGRAPHIQUE, OUTIL DE COLLECTE DE DONNÉES

This article seeks to give a fuller picture of the reality of discrimination in Québec by testing the theory that public educational institutions, and more specifically Quebec Cegeps, can be considered as zones with a mitigating effect on the incidence of discrimination, in that students attending such institutions are less likely to experience discrimination. In order to test this theory, a quantitative empirical study was carried out of over 600 students in the spring of 2018 at a general and vocational college in Montreal. The results obtained: (1) highlight a significant disparity between the intra-institutional incidence of discrimination (less frequent) compared to the extra-institutional incidence (more frequent), and (2) allow us to identify a significant difference between the incidence of intra- and extra-institutional discrimination encountered by students from immigrant backgrounds (more frequent) and those from non-immigrant backgrounds (less frequent).

This article deconstructs the particular ways in which young Black people, second-generation immigrants living in the Cergy-Saint-Christophe neighbourhood of a new town in the Parisian suburbs, form groups revolving around music scenes and use and imagine urban space. With their noisy, flashy new looks, these young people remain largely unknown to those who work with them. They split up into groups organized around music: hip-hop and rap for some, soul and funk for others. But the divisions between the various groups of youth are also marked out in terms of space, time and ethnicity. Groups differ from each other in factors such as the sports members play, the clothes they wear, and the way they spend their free time, according to a logic of differentiation that enables each person to construct his or her own identity. Membership of such scenes tends to be opposed to scholastic achievement, and constitutes an alternative space of social intégration and valorization. An analysis of the use of urban space and discourse about the town shows how these young people value modernity, in that it is likely to introduce mixes of people that might enable them to feel equal to and better socially accepted by others.

In this paper, we shall question from a critical and constructive perspective, adult education as presented in contemporary societies by exploring the paradox that haunts this activity in what it is increasingly subject to instrumental rationality, technicism and pedagogicism as manufacturing or training. In this sense, we formulate the following problematic: In what way can communicational pedagogical action constitute an alternative likely to found adult education as a formative and global communicational praxis aiming at identity transformation of individuals and their fulfillment if this education were reduced more and more to a poesis whose goals are predetermined by the commodification of all human activities?

This work seeks to understand how the network of a new manager facilitates the strategy of the rapid and sudden internationalization of a SME, after several years of activity on the national market. The specificity of the behavior of these companies stems from the local context, which is characterized by institutional constraints, weak resources and a lack of information on foreign markets. Empirical research on the strategic behavior of Romanian SMEs in a transition country is limited and does not study the role of the manager's network in this context. The combination of internationalization theory and network theory provides a comprehensive theoretical framework for understanding the behavior of Born-again Globals (BAG) in this context. The case study of a Romanian SME, ELJ Automotive, now BAG, was conducted through life stories and exploratory interviews. The diachronic and thematic analysis shows that territorial and community networks do not contribute to the internationalization of Central and Eastern European Countries (CEEC) SMEs. It provides lessons on the strong links that the manager must establish with personal, professional, and influential networks in order to accelerate internationalization while circumventing institutional constraints.

Keywords: PME, Réseau, Dirigeants, Liens forts et faibles, SME, Networks, Managers, Strong and weak links, PyME, Redes, Líderes, Vínculos fuertes y débiles

The purpose of this article is to explore the process of managing European migration policy and the forms in which it takes place within the Euro-Mediterranean relations. To this end, the article supports the idea that the involvement of the southern Mediterranean countries is intimately linked to the construction of the external dimension of European migration policy. Yet this external dimension is not without ambiguities, which explains in many respects the fact that cooperation with these countries has been diluted in a global process of securing the European Union's external borders. The article then looks at the shortcomings of this management in such a way to underline that cooperation with the southern Mediterranean countries has failed to overcome the uncertainties of the external governance of the European Union's migration policy.