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The aim of this paper is to highlight an interdependence between procedural and agential norms that undermines their neat separation when appraising argumentation. Drawing on the munāẓara tradition, we carve a space for sequencing in argumentation scholarship. Focusing on the antagonist’s sequencing of critical moves, we identify each sequence’s corresponding values of argumentation: coalescence, reliability, and efficacy. These values arise through the mediation of virtues and simultaneously underpin procedural as well as agential norms. Consequently, an ambiguity between procedure and agent becomes apparent. This ambiguity hints at the potential for a virtue theory of argumentation that draws on procedural norms.

Keywords: sequencing, critical moves, values of argumentation, munāẓara, argumentative virtues and vices

Reflections on human resources (HR) have always been the subject of interest and are constantly being reinvented. There have been successive innovations in HR management and they have diversified numerous times. Each time the innovations required new concepts, tools and methods and new roles for HRM (human resources management). The concept of innovation itself has undergone changes due both to the work and currents and to the practice. The transformations require innovation actors to change status, roles and motivation and to impose organizational innovations in the HRM management methods. The digital transformation of the overall organization and the fourth revolution will also assign other roles and functions to innovation actors. The COVID-19 pandemic emerges in this context, imposing other HR management methods that must be invented, dared and imagined. Innovation actors must once again develop new views. This work aims to analyse these disturbances. It is not mainly a theoretical view. The concern to stick to reality on a relatively new subject does not allow us to have an essentially theoretical subject. The illustrations taken from real situations and choosing teleworking as an example, make it exploratory research work. The analysis leads to two major results. Firstly, we are witnessing an unprecedented extension of the views of innovation actors due to the pandemic that requires new innovative HRM methods. At least four views have been identified. Secondly, with the pandemic, teleworking, which becomes a necessity required by the situation, defines a new landscape of forms of innovation action with levels of HRM function disturbance varying in intensity according to the type of view that innovation actors adopt. Organizational innovations in HRM will have to include this combination of different views, thereby expanding the field of HRM in an exceptional and unprecedented way, and this must be done in record time.

Keywords: Inno'acteurs, GRH, innovation organisationnelle, COVID-19, télétravail

AbstractThe objective of this study is to investigate the main determinants of female labour force participation in Morocco. A comparative approach is used, over time to analyse the evolution during the past decade, and in space to take into account the consequences of urbanisation. The findings reveal that the general process of modernisation under way in Morocco has not yet led to greater participation of women in the labour market. Nevertheless, the results also suggest that the stability of female labour force participation observed in this Maghrebian country could be considered an indispensable step in their emancipation from degrading activities in an outdated system of production, rather than as a « lost opportunity » in the process of improvement of women's status.

Keywords: Loisir, intégration, nouveaux arrivants, Montréal

AbstractThe international co-operation with Africa at the beginning of this millennium is dominated by the partnership policy. Partnership has thus became one of the major themes of international relations at the era of globalisation. This study approaches partnership as an international fact which, on the theoretical basis, renews and enriches the analysis of international relations by combining realism, transnationalism and ethics and, in a practical way, expresses a specific world vision and redefines the world's influence game. Partnership as an international co-operation policy articulates power politics with ethical norms. Facing the partnership dynamic, Africa is being integrated into the globalised economy on the one hand and on the other is modifying its status and position in the global world. Partnership is also a practical field of the expression of power politics in African international relations.

Keywords: Naissance, recherche collaborative, santé, périnatalité, expérience

ABSTRACTThe realm of ethnopsychiatry also includes the cultural dimension of chaos (and the ways of overcoming this chaos) and the analysis of psychic foundations. This original method deals with the "complementarity" between psychoanalysis and anthropology. In doing so, it establishes a new link between the clinician and the patient, between traditional therapies and modern treatments, between the outside (culture) and the inside (psyche). This approach can be successfully applied to the context of migration, particularly to the child who is torn between the culture of his parents and the culture of the host nation.

Keywords: nudisme, plage, tourisme balnéaire, Mexique

The use of the language spoken by young people from French sensitive urban areas is considered a major stylistic feature of banlieue literature. Hence, studying the translation of Beur novels also implies studying this linguistic variety. This case study considers lexical items used by youth from the French banlieue in the novel Kiffe kiffe demain by Faïza Guène in its Arabic, Dutch and Spanish translations. Specifically, the strategies used to translate 62 passages that include 21 words belonging to the youth language of the banlieue will be examined. Our research shows that even though there is a great variety of strategies applied by the translators in the three languages, the general tendency is to standardize these specific lexical items by using either formal, informal or neutral equivalents. Surprisingly, sociolinguistic equivalence is not a common translation choice. Non-translation is a common strategy retained for dealing with almost exclusively the Arabic words. Arabic and Spanish translators do not resort to additions whereas the Dutch translator does. Finally, we did not find much consistency in the linguistic procedures studied and the strategies used to translate them.

Keywords: romans beurs, langue des jeunes des cités, traduction, Faïza Guène, arabe, néerlandais, espagnol, beur fiction, urban youth slang, translation, Faïza Guène, Arabic, Dutch, Spanish

The Bangui Accord, in force across all States that make up the African Intellectual Property Organization (known by its French acronym OAPI) governs both industrial property and copyright. Although the subject matter covered under copyright resembles closely that of the international intellectual property regime, Folklore, the focus of this paper, benefits from a unique system. In fact, the States of OAPI, via the revised Bangui Accord established a sui generis system of protection for traditional cultural expressions or Folklore. The special rules applicable to Folklore have been a very controversial proposition. Despite this, the sui generis system even if it is subject to certain limitations, is better suited to protect Folklore that can be diverse and ever changing.