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In the XIXth Century, the city of Quebec was one of the world's shipbuilding centres. After a description of developments in macro-economic terms, the author uses a theoretical framework based on the sociology of organisations to develop an understanding of the interaction between economic forces and the sociocultural context of these enterprises. This industry was built up by Scottish and then English and Irish immigrants after the Conquest. French Canadians participated as workers or subcontractors but became entrepreneurs only toward the end of the industry. The nature of the relationship between the management and the workers, set apart by their language, their religion and their industrial values, led to the appearance of an original mode of work organization, namely the masse trades.

AbstractThe text results from a new collaboration between sociologists and data processing specialists. It presents a work of formalization of the sociology of organized action which led to the development of a meta-model of this theory. This meta-model makes it possible to model concrete systems of action and to simulate their operation. Through the exposure of the theoretical results and their application to a simple case, we wish to show that this step is of theoretical and methodological interest for sociology. It makes it possible to specify sociological concepts initially expressed in natural language in order to be able to evaluate them in a quantitative way. It makes possible the simulation of organisational situations and thus opens the way with an exploration of the possible states of a concrete system of action. These elements constitute, from our point of view, an enrichment of the sociological practice.

Keywords: Sociologie de l'action organisée, formalisation, modélisation, simulation sociale, systèmes multi-agents, système d'action concret, ressource, relations, pouvoir, satisfaction, Sociology of the organized action, formalization, modelling, social simulation, systems multi-agents, concrete system of action, resource, relations, power, satisfacion

AbstractThe author, a political scientist, protests against the tendency of the psycho-sociological disciplines to import that doubtful " merchandise " of political science which is the concept of power or Power. He strongly criticizes this concept from the point of view of political science itself, where it has fallen into discredit. Since it is the relational aspect which is actually of interest to human sciences, the author proposes to substitute this tarnished concept, according to cases, contexts or studies, with the following less disappointing synonyms : authority, strength, control (distinguished from constraint), regulation, and even influence. In conclusion, the author proposes to ban whenever possible the term power from psycho-sociological language where it is even less pertinent than in political science; to replace it, in order to signify a relational fact of injunction or initiation to act in a given sense, with the trilogy of complementary concepts : strength (faculty or potential), influence or control, this last concept integrating the two preceding ones by giving them unified meaning and usage; to translate social control by social regulation, while still maintaining the expression social controls in regard to the extremely diverse manifestations of this regulation; to see phenomena of social deviation as the expression of counter-controls or anti-controls which have their own dynamic function in the endless chain of social regulation.

After several decades of training in IBB and its implementation in labour-management relations, this study seeks to understand how, in practice, this approach resonates with union negotiators and is actually used in collective bargaining processes. Reporting on the findings of an empirical study involving forty-five union negotiators working in the private sector, most of whom had practised IBB several times over recent years, the results of this study highlight both the limits and multiple impacts of this approach on company-level bargaining. The results demonstrate that these union negotiators did not hesitate to appropriate IBB and shape its principles and methods based on their needs and the context in which they intervened. This “imaginative appropriation” of IBB and the innovative practices deriving from it demonstrate not only the existence of porous boundaries between the distributive and integrative approaches and “mixed bargaining” (or “mixed motive bargaining”) but also the different forms that the latter can take in collective bargaining. Lastly, although the union negotiators interviewed rarely reported applying IBB in an integral way, this study nevertheless demonstrates the extent to which this approach has, through diverse forms of appropriation, been a fundamental source of change in collective bargaining practices.

Keywords: Négociation collective, négociation basée sur les intérêts (NBI), syndicat, secteur privé, Québec, Collective bargaining, interest-based bargaining, trade unions, private sector, Quebec, Negociación colectiva, negociación basada en los intereses, sindicato, Quebec

Abstract:In modern societies, attention is more and more requested due to the weakening of social bonds. We will present the relationships between individuals and society through a different perspective, one that requires a person to think about the concept of “social demand” and to adopt an historical perspective. Nowadays, neither theoretical controversies, nor discussions about determinism have disappeared. Beyond the quarrels in the interpretation of social bonds emerges a progressively more original model of scientific character that we have to appreciate for its true value.

Keywords: liens sociaux, relation, individu et société, théories sociologiques, social links, relation, individual and society, sociological theories

With the advent of globalization, the current societal hegemon of classical sociology would be in decline to benefit of the rise of individuality. The later now occupy an analytical centrality within the sociology of postmodernity. This article aims to trace the processual emergence of the individual subject within sociological discipline, before raising some challenges facing his current search on the coming-society. At the heart of this slow rise of subjectivity, the new sociology of the individual seem to carry the load to draw up the theoretical and conceptual contours of the new complex configuration of human societies that, for many, remains has to be written. It also goes into the epistemological become of this original approach to new social processes.

Keywords: sociologies de l'individu, sujet, postmodernité, Sociology of the individual, subject, postmodernity, sociologías del individuo, sujeto, postmodernidad

The French alternative schools belonging to FÉSPI promote and provide alternative educational practices for their students—whether assigned, seeking an alternative to mainstream schooling, or young people who have dropped out. These schools demand a different set of professional skills from teachers, who also claim a distinctive approach to teamwork. This article examines the functioning and dynamics of these teams using a clinical approach informed by psychoanalytic theory. Building on research into group dynamics, which conceptualizes these teams as “restricted groups” in which defenses and resistances circulate, this approach seeks to capture the intersubjective and group-level processes that may hinder teamwork or even compromise the achievement of its primary tasks. These analyses lead us to propose a definition of “teamwork” that, while grounded in these sociological analyses, also incorporates consideration of these group-level processes.