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This article takes a look at the impact of social thresholds on the growth ambition and behaviour of French SME entrepreneurs. Employer organisations believe that these thresholds, in particular that of the 50 employees, are a hindrance to the entrepreneurs' growth ambition and largely explain the shortage of Mid-Cap companies on the French territory. So far, the issue of threshold effects and their impact on growth have not as yet been a focus of research. A qualitative study is underway to scrutinise the impact of the 50-employee threshold on the entrepreneurs' intentions and behaviour. The initial description stage focuses on identifying the intentions and types of behaviour adopted and anticipated with regard to the thresholds. Subsequently, as part of an analytical approach, the factors inhibiting and facilitating the crossing of thresholds will be examined.

Keywords: PME, Seuils sociaux, Croissance, Dirigeant, Intention de croissance, Comportement, Appropriation de la croissance, SME, Social thresholds, Growth, Entrepreneur, Growth intention, Behaviour, Growth appropriation, PyME, Umbrales, Crecimiento, Dirigente, Intención de crecimiento, Comportamiento, Apropiación de crecimiento

It is well documented that parental involvement in school has an impact on the school adjustment of the student. This study aims to determine to what extent parental involvement is positively associated with the performance and school engagement of students from immigrant backgrounds. The data were collected in five elementary schools located in disadvantaged areas of Montreal. A total of 296 students as well as their parents and their teachers participated in this longitudinal study. As the immigrant population is a heterogeneous group, we examined the differential association between parental involvement and school adjustment of students from three subgroups defined according to the region of birth of the parent (Canada, North Africa and the Caribbean). The results from the multi-group path analysis suggest that parents who are born in the Caribbean are different from the two other groups in that their frequent discussions about the school and homework supervision is associated with their child's lower academic achievement.

Keywords: réussite éducative, immigration, école primaire, implication parentale, collaboration école-famille, school achievement, immigration, elementary school, parental involvement, family-school partnership, éxito educativo, emigración, escuela primaria, implicación parental, colaboración escuela-familia

Collateralized Fund Obligations (CFOs) are a relatively new type of financialproduct in the wide family of derivatives that emerged from structured finance.Contrary to the case of a CDO which consist in the securitization of a portfolio ofdebts, the cash flows generated in a CFO structure come from a portfolio of hedgefunds. The purpose of this paper is to expose the big picture related to hedgefunds and CDOs in order to briefly present CFO structures afterwards as the result of the merger of the two previous products. Despite the objective to summarizethe universe of hedge funds, the description of these vehicles needs exhaustivenessin order to understand all the basic characteristics of the securitized assets.Concerning CDOs, a global understanding of the different possible structures isnecessary to better situate the attributes inherent to CFOs.

Keywords: Indigenous geographies, geografías indígenas, América Latina, Chile, Argentina

While the automobile insurance is in crisis in many Canadian provinces, the Québecscheme presents itself as a model to follow. This paper relates the genesis of theQuébec scheme. It also shows that, despite the challenge of the no-fault principle,the staterun no-fault insurance system for bodily injuries fully compensates thelosses sustained in car accidents by the great majority of Quebecers and that theprivate scheme of compensation for property damages based on tort liability hascome to a great stability to the satisfaction of motorists.

Keywords: Rapport Gauvin, régime étatique et régime privé, assurance automobilesans égard à la responsabilité, droit d'action contre les criminels de la route, dommagesmoraux, indemnisation directe, faute intentionnelle, ordre public, tarification, Gauvin report, staterun and private scheme, no-fault automobile insurance, right to sue criminal motorists, pain and suffering, direct compensation, intentional fault, public order, tariff setting

In the wake of the death of Jina (Mahsa) Amini, a powerful image emerged: women in Iran defiantly casting aside their hijabs and rallying under the slogan of “Woman, Life, Freedom.” This paper explores and reflects upon what I call following Verónica Gago, a feminist strike in Iran that organizes disorderly and cross-sectoral withdrawals of women from structures that exploit and assault them and restores their bargaining power and agency. Through the analytical perspective of intersectionality, this paper inquires into how the political underpinnings of the gendered apparatus in the Islamic regime of Iran have propelled the imagination of a common body among the diverse array of women. Further, it scrutinizes how the #WomanLifeFreedom uprising unveils a feminist strike and what it entails. This paper aims to show how the feminist strike in Iran expands the notion of strike as a tool against the conditions of work and showcases its all-encompassing basis against living conditions and restrictions on freedom.

Keywords: grève féministe, femicide machine, feminist strike, femme vie liberté, Iran, dévoilement, unveiling, voile, machine à fémicide, veiling, Iran, Woman, Life, Freedom

This study examines the Canadian information research landscape through the lens of the eight academic units hosting ALA-accredited programs. We created a citation-based network utilizing the scholarly articles published by the faculty members and PhD students at each academic unit to identify and characterize distinct research clusters within the field. Then we determined how the publications and researchers from each unit are distributed across the clusters to describe their area of specialization. Our findings emphasize how the inter-, multi-, and transdisciplinary nature of the Canadian information research landscape forms a rich mosaic of information scholarship.

Keywords: bibliométrie, bibliometrics, sciences de l’information, information studies, bibliothéconomie, library studies, pôles de recherche, research clusters, grappes de recherche

At the start of this new millenium, one might ask how insurance companies handle catastrophe risks. Without bringing a specific answer to this somewhat controversial topic, this paper, with the support of several recent studies, focuses on presenting the basic features of catastrophe risk management, as well as analyzing the different methods used by the insurers to manage these risks. A close look at the traditional and modern techniques used in catastrophe risks management should show evidence of the advantages and disadvantages associated with each risk management strategy.

Keywords: Réassurance, assurance, risques de catastrophe, gestion des risques, risque de prise ferme, risque de base, risque moral ex-ante, risque moral ex-post, contrats à terme, futures, options, produits dérivés, obligations, CAT bonds, réserves, règlements, titrisation, indice de pertes, Reinsurance, insurance, catastrophe risks, risk management, underwriting risk, basis risk, ex-ante moral hazard, ex-post moral hazard, futures, forwards, options, derivatives, bonds, CAT bonds, reserves, settlements, securitization, loss index

This article presents a research-intervention methodology, which contributed to a significant organizational change within a major organization in public infrastructure construction in the province of Quebec, in Canada. The intervention aimed to develop and then integrate an innovative collaboration model into a method of realizing major infrastructure projects. The collaborative approach, that is at the core of the organizational change analysed in this article, proposes a series of steps that aim to ultimately select a bidder, represented by a construction general contractor (and its partners), who demonstrates a willingness to adopt collaborative practices in its business activities. Having used a one-year longitudinal study, the data collected unequivocally shows the process of institutionalizing collaborative skills, both internally and with business partners of Société québécoise des infrastructures. Based on an integrated methodology, this research provides new insight to better understand the different aspects of organizational transformation processes, which support sustainable organizational changes.

Keywords: Compétences collaboratives, recherche-intervention, changement organisationnel, intégration, processus collaboratifs, collaboration

Introduction: The College of Family Physicians of Canada (CFPC) offers the Certificate of Added Competence (CAC) program to designate a family physician with enhanced skills. In 2015, the College expanded its program to introduce enhanced certification in four new domains: Palliative Care, Care of the Elderly, Sports and Exercise Medicine, and Family Practice Anesthesia. In this study, we elicited perceptions from Canadian family physicians with and without the CAC on practice impacts associated with the program.Methods: Active family physicians in Canada with and without CACs were surveyed between November 2019 to January 2020. Descriptive statistics were generated to describe the perceptions of family physicians regarding the CAC program and its impacts on practice.Results: Respondents agreed with several benefits of the program including enhancing the capacity to deliver comprehensive care, alleviating the burden of patient travel by increasing the availability of care in rural and remote communities, and providing opportunities to engage in various collaborative care models and new leadership roles. All respondents perceived CAC holders to pursue the certificate to meet both professional interests and community needs.Conclusions: There is a need for strong and continued investment in systemic practice improvements that incentivize the delivery of comprehensive family medicine practice.