Documents found
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4102.More information
SummaryThe author is an Innu (Cree) and occupies an important elected position of responsability within his Nation. He identifies here, from the view of Indigenous Peoples, the parameters of the current question of self-government. The paper analyses the meaning of words used in this debate, the rights of Indigenous Peoples from the perspective of International Law, the comparison with the situation in Québec, the James Bay and Northern Quebec Agreement treaty relation, the logic between nationalisms and federalisms, the comparison with the immigration problematic in certain countries and examples of the status of indigenous rights around the world. Finally, it attempts, with the necessary nuances and in its proper perspective, to situate the problem that may represent the "ethnicity" of indigenous nationalism.
Keywords: peuple, ethnie, nation, nationalisme, international, fédéralisme, "autochtonie", culture, autodétermination, souveraineté, droits, people, ethnic, nation, nationalism, international, federalism, indigenous, culture, self-determination, sovereignty, rights, pueblo, etnia, nación, nacionalismo, internacional, federalismo, indigenismo, cultura, autodeterminación, soberanía, derechos
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4103.More information
The role of religiosity and gender in shaping fertility decisions has been the subject of many studies in recent years. This literature has highlighted an interesting conundrum, however. While religiosity has a positive effect on fertility, partly through the promotion of traditional gender roles, gender equality has been found to have a positive – rather than negative – impact on fertility. We address this ambiguity in the effect of religiosity and gender roles by examining their specific effects on fertility intention and realization. We do so by using data from the first and second wave of the Generations and Gender Survey (GGS) and construct separate logistic regression models for five European countries (Austria, Bulgaria, France, Georgia and Russia). We construct models on the influence of religiosity, gender attitudes and the gender distribution of household tasks on the intention to have a(nother) child as well as the realization of positive (plan to have a child) and negative fertility (plan to not have a child) intentions. Our findings suggest that, regardless of the country context, religiosity and gender roles appear to have an independent impact on fertility intentions and their realization.
Keywords: Attitudes de genre, division du travail, religiosité, intentions de fécondité, maternité, Gender attitudes, Division of labor, Religiosity, Fertility intentions, Childbearing, Actitudes de género, División del trabajo, Religiosidad, Intenciones de fecundidad, Maternidad
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4104.More information
What relation does Charles Tilly's historical sociology, especially as developed in its works on European nation-state formation and the great revolutions, maintain to neo-Marxist historical sociology and more generally to Marxism? This article proposes to evaluate this relation from an analysis of three of Tilly's most important works in historical sociology, including La Vendée, published in 1964, Les revolutions européennes 1492-1992, published in 1993, and Contrainte et capital dans la formation de l'Europe 990-1990, published in 1992. Its main thesis is that this relation does exist but is distinguished by its mixed character. It is also argued that Tilly should rather be classified as a neo-Weberian author, Marxism's legacy being assumed but firmly integrated into always multicausal studies of those great sociopolitical transformations.
Keywords: Charles Tilly, États-nation, sociologie historique, Marx, Weber, Charles Tilly, Nation-State, Historical Sociology, Marx, Weber, Charles Tilly, sociología histórica, Estado-nación, Marx, Weber
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4105.More information
The purpose of this paper is to examine this assumption — that size and power makes a difference to the definition of the utility of economic sanctions. It examines as a case study the employment of Canadian sanctions against Vietnam. The paper will argue that this case demonstrates that, for a non-great power, the utility of economic sanctions is rarely limited to the usual objectives attributed to, and derived from the experience of, great power s: exercising power against the 'targef' state or signalling one's power to other states in the system. Instead, it will argue that for a middle power like Canada, the use of sanctions becomes inextricably bound to foreign policy-maker s perceptions of the politics of coalition obligations ; and of the imperatives and constraints of bilateral relations with the major power s.
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4106.More information
During the Cold War, the United States sought to influence the thinking of allied militaries by offering education to foreign officers, especially those designated by their governments as likely to be promoted to higher strategic command. The goal of this effort was to support the overall American national security policy of containment and deterrence and Utile emphasis was placed upon the diffusion of liberal-democratic norms in civil-military relations. What developed was an international military fraternity : « old school ties, » that linked the senior command of allied countries with the U.S. military. In the case of non-democratic allies, these links may have actually reinforced and perpetuated non-democratic norms in those countries. In the post-Cold War era American national security policy has stressed the promotion of liberal-democratic norms in civil-military relations as a more explicit goal of international military education. It is also a goal of the increased cooperation with foreign militaries taking place under the auspices of the regional Commanders-in-Chief (CINCS). It is not evident, though, that these norms are being conveyed in a way that strengthens civilian control of the military and national security policy.
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4107.
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4109.More information
This special issue showcases some contributions presented during the symposium “Arctic policies in perspective” which was held at Sciences Po, in Paris, on December 18 and 19, 2019. These two days of discussions aimed at shedding light on the Arctic in a context of the international development of the region, where the signs of cooperation are always vibrant, as indicated by the signing of the moratorium to ban fishing in the central Arctic Ocean. At the same time, weak signals would indicate an increase in security tensions with the jamming of the gps disrupting civil aviation in the Barents region or the return of the United States Navy to Iceland. Far from an image of a unified, frozen and exotic space, the Arctic is now being recognized as a space at the heart of international relations. This special issue is therefore dedicated to discussing and reflecting on the diversity of these Arctic worlds, based on innovative and transdisciplinary research. The links between different prisms of analysis - geographic, strategic, historical, political science - make it possible to see in the Arctic Ocean and the circumpolar territories a space particularly sensitive to the recomposition of the international political scene as to the climatic upheavals which modify singularly this vulnerable region.
Keywords: Arctique, politique, gouvernance, acteurs non arctiques, Arctic, politics, governance, non-Arctic actors
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4110.More information
In search of a better image, Russia has created a whole arsenal of soft power since the mid-2000s according to a Western model. However, the impact of these tools was limited: the image of Russia continues to be tarnished by the absence of an attractive model and by the priority it continues to give to military force and methods of influence, far from being “soft”. Since the annexation of Crimea, these latter tools have been considerably strengthened, further degrading the image of Russia. However, part of the international audience, including among Western elites and populations, was seduced by the vigor of the new Russian posture and the assertive political leadership of Vladimir Putin. Russian foreign policy, backed by powerful information tools, is at the heart of the new image of Russia which values its otherness, the legitimacy of its action and the central role in the most important international issues.
Keywords: Russie, soft power, diplomatie publique, influence, image, perception, Russia, soft power, public diplomacy, influence, image, perception