Documents found
-
1511.More information
In Democratic Republic of Congo, the capital, the city province of Kinshasa produces annually about 2.2 million tons of wastes mainly constituted (66 %) of organic matters containing 94 % are vegetable wastes. Mangifera Indica and Manihot Utilissima leaves are the main components of these wastes. They are generated via the households and the markets but they are not suitably valorized. Some farmers use them like green fertilizer but they do not achieve the expected results. By this fact, these wastes embarrass and pollute the environment with negative consequences on public health. On another point of view, the Kinshasa households meet enormous difficulties to collect enough wood for their energy needs. As a consequence, the anarchical exploitation of wood entails the deterioration of the ecosystems and the public health. These negative impacts on the environment could be reduced sustainably and simultaneously by rational exploitation of bio-energy and bio-fertilizers resulting from the anaerobic digestion or methanization of this vegetable biomass. This energetic potential from methanization of Mangifera Indica and Manihot Utilissima leaves could reduce by 39 % and 134 % the wood consumption in the households respectively. Moreover by land spreading the digestates produced would cover the deforested surface related to the yearly consumption of wood coal. These evaluations show an interesting potential of the vegetable wastes for a cleaner environment, green energy production, reforestation and agriculture. Therefore, these wastes should be sorted out and processed directly in their generation places in order to minimize the costs for transportation and industrial treatment.
Keywords: élimination, urbain, ville, déchets organiques, matière organique, déchets végétaux, Mangifera Indica, Manihot Utilissima, méthanisation, fertilisants, elimination, urban, city, organic waste, organic matter, vegetable waste, Mangifera Indica, Manihot Utilissima, methanization, fertilizer
-
1512.More information
The author traces the history of the concept of "social solidarity" in France through nineteenth century political thought. Solidarity was seen as an enlightened response to social problems related to work, poverty, ill-health, and infirmity.Toward the end of the century, at the height of agitation for revolutionary syndicalism and political socialism, Léon Bourgeois and Charles Gide developed a doctrine of social solidarity as a democratic alternative for social policy.
-
1513.More information
A significant number of cultural practices in New France and Canada originate in the colonial situation and echo French and British art forms. This article focuses on the early use of the tableau vivant in Quebec, from its first reference in 1641 to the early twentieth century, in family and public entertainment, celebrations and pageants, educational and artistic manifestations. The tableau vivant thus presented itself as both popular and erudite art. In order for this art form to function, certain works needed to be present in the collective imaginary and shared culture; performers needed to master the content of the re-presented image and spectators needed to recognize it and to appreciate the efforts expended to embody it. This article briefly examines the history of the tableau vivant in Europe in order to identify the stages of its development in Quebec.
-
1514.More information
The life and work of R. Barthes are marked by many ambiguities, existential and rhetoric. Poor orphan of a father killed during the 1914 war when his son was just born, he lived attached to his widowed mother. A semiologist more by fate than by choice (tuberculosis since his youth, he could not accomplish a regular academic career like Sartre, his mentor), he was interested in the exploration and definition of a new type of text (Théorie du Texte). The novel occupies a good place in his research. He went from an uncompromising criticism of the novel as an outdated narrative genre (Le Degré Zéro de l'écriture, 1953) to a “desire for a novel” towards the end of his life (“La Préparation du roman”, seminar at the College de France, 1978-1980). This article tries to shed light on this rhetorical drift and provides some elements for establishing a Theory of Intertext, a post-novel literary genre.
-
1515.More information
This article considers objects alluded to in Louise Michel’s exile correspondence from her years in New Caledonia. Throughout these letters, one finds references to the few material possessions owned by the deported Communarde. These evoke the conditions of precarity under which Michel is writing. In addition to tracking the fate of these meager and disparate objects – many of which enable Michel to maintain her identity as a writer – the correspondence reveals the radical minimalism of the militant poetess. This quality is at the heart of the influential relationships Michel cultivates with fellow prisoners, as she shares writings and belongings alike. Henry Bauër, natural son of Alexandre Dumas, is among those to whom she writes. Victor Hugo also receives her missives, poetry, and a number of natural objects emblematic of Louise Michel’s singular view of material reality. These fragmentary texts bear witness to a life pursued in defiance of surveillance and political violence.
Keywords: Louise MIchel, Nouvelle Calédonie, déportation, épistolaire, Louise Michel, Objects, New Caledonia, deportation, letters
-
1516.More information
Harnessing near-free resources - from roads to labor - Amazon is leveraging competition between territories to secure financial aid and tax exemptions to support its sales teams, hungry for deliverable goods. Cataloging, customer interfaces, data storage, warehouses, logistics - the company is widening the gap between the knowledge economy neighborhoods where it sets up its cloud and the post-industrial wastelands where an unskilled population serves its warehouses. Recently established in Washington, D.C., and a key player in the American social divide, Amazon is not helping to narrow it.
Keywords: États-Unis, Bezos, Amazon, commerce électronique, lobbying, territoire, Seattle, postindustriel, division social, Internet, mondialisation, travail, capitalisme numérique, exemption fiscale, United States, Bezos, Amazon, e-commerce, lobbying, territory, Seattle, post-industrial, social divide, Internet, globalization, labor, digital capitalism, tax exemption
-
1517.More information
We are ashamed of ourselves, in proportion to the shock of February 24. Four million people, mostly women and children, have fled the mortal danger and are experiencing the agony of exile. Six million more Ukrainians had to abandon their homes for a less threatened part of the country. Russia has won: the destroyed Ukraine has lost its sovereignty, the time of zones of influence and military pacts has returned. The new Cold War will be mediated by the Asian powers, while the misguided supporters of Putin's Russia will have to swallow their criminal ineptitudes.
Keywords: Honte, Ukraine, Gauche, Poutine, Exil, Photographie, Presse, Shame, Ukraine, Left-wing, Exile, Photography, Media
-
1518.