Documents found
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21151.More information
Contemporary research suggests that personal values play a major role in the decision-making process of responsible entrepreneurship, i.e., one that is consistent with the requirements of sustainable development. But what are these values? Moreover, what role do they play in the decisions of entrepreneurs? Based on Nathalie Heinich's axiological sociology, this study conceives values as principles that allow us to make judgments and, ultimately, make choices. In this multiple case study, six entrepreneurs engaged in the creation of a responsible business were interviewed and asked to talk about the evolution of their business and the big decisions that have marked its development. In this article, the transcripts are analyzed in depth to 1) highlight the axiological logic of each case, i.e., the main values underlying the decisions made and 2) identify the recurring values among the different cases to outline an “axiological gramma” that is specific to responsible entrepreneurship. This study proposes a methodological operationalization of Heinich's sociological conception of value in the entrepreneurial domain.
Keywords: Entrepreneuriat, Développement durable, Prise de décision, Valeurs, Axiologie, Entrepreneurship, Sustainable development, Decision making, Values, Axiology, Emprendimiento, Desarrollo sostenible, Toma de decisiones, Valores, Axiología
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21152.More information
This article intends to compare the Andean cattle branding ritual (“herranza”) with other rites that are a key component of the annual cycle in this region. First, the compares the “herranza” with the rituals around the cleaning of irrigation cannals, then he contrasts it with the celebrations around the house rethatching. Geographically, the first comparison will be restricted to the same area (Lima highlands), while the second one will consider ethnographies from other Quechua-speaking regions, because of data availability. Finally, framed in this way on its annual ritual cycle, the “herranza” will emerge as a rite of passage whose various symbolic dimension this article will intend to explore.
Keywords: Andes, Pérou, rituel, religion, cosmologie, Andes, Peru, Rite, Religion, Cosmology, Andes, Perú, Ritual, Religión, Cosmologías
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21154.More information
SummaryAs a feature of capitalist development, economic migration has historically entailed sex work as one of its components. In the age of globalization, this means a forced choice for many women, as they move from the village to the city in their own countries and across international borders. The present article focuses on the decision making process, the means of migration, and the experience in the urban site, national or international, of those -- the vast majority -- who have not been "trafficked", but have made this forced choice their life strategy. The impact on sex worker migration of customer "migration" in the form of sex tourism is discussed, along with the other economic and cultural factors.
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21155.More information
In this article we propose to reframe debates on epistemic injustice by re-articulating them in terms of the concepts of attention and listening—two key elements for epistemic justice according to Miranda Fricker (a leading researcher in this field). We offer a few correctives and complements to Fricker's work via an exploration of the writings of Hans-Georg Gadamer, who summarized his hermeneutics as a matter of attentive listening and whose Enigma of Health is highly relevant for contemporary reflections on epistemic justice in clinical settings. Our article insists on the importance of humility, of patients' participation, of time, and of ordinary contact with alterity.
Keywords: injustice épistémique, attention, Gadamer, humilité, soins de santé, epistemic injustice, attention, Gadamer, humility, health care
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21156.More information
This study explores the potential of a dance activity addressed to children in disadvantaged settings and focused on learning vocabulary connected with the lexical field of the seasons. Semi-structured interviews were held before and after the activity in order to prompt the children to describe their season-related knowledge. Semantic maps were created based on the interview data to observe the increase in words that were used and the formation of interrelationships between these words. The article presents three cases of four-year-old children with differing initial knowledge in order to illustrate the varying potential of the dance activity in the context of this vocabulary learning project.
Keywords: vocabulaire, danse, préscolaire, milieux défavorisés, cartes sémantiques, vocabulary, dance, preschool, disadvantaged settings, semantic maps, vocabulario, danza, preescolar, contextos vulnerables, mapas semánticos
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21157.More information
In 1993, in the aftermath of the Thatcherian era, Irvine Welsh, then an unknown Scottish writer, was propelled in the high spheres of the literary scene, thanks to Trainspotting, a hard-hitting novel featuring drug-addled Scottish twenty-somethings that oppose the system the only way they can: through injections of heroin. By making them talk in an extremely cryptic version of Scots, Welsh put forth a unique discursive system that mocks both the English-speaking literary elites and the writing conventions of English. In this article, I examine the significance of the Scots sociolect in Welsh's novel through an analysis of its socio-historical context and reception, and show how the novel's French translators (Lindor Fall in 1996 and Étienne in 2011) produced versions that suppress the insubordination of the source text's language. I then present a “system of textual deformation” anchored in Québécois sociolinguistic studies, that reproduces, for the French-speaking reader, the political significance and expressive strength of this cult novel's Meschonnician voice. By using a variation of Quebec's vernacular French as a translation tool, I strive to create a space, in the francophone literary landscape, where sociolects are no longer considered untranslatable.
Keywords: Henri Meschonnic, sociolecte, sociolinguistique, Irvine Welsh, Trainspotting, Henri Meschonnic, sociolects, sociolinguistics, Irvine Welsh, Trainspotting
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21158.More information
The variety of French spoken in Continental France has previously been considered the model for « le bon français », while the variety spoken in Québec has been depicted as less prestigious. In second language teaching, these views have an impact on learners' choices and perceptions of the target language. Many researchers have investigated these perceptions through a France–Québec comparison. Using a matched-guise technique, this study investigates whether stylistic variation within a given dialect affects the reactions to Continental French and Québec French in the same way that varieties do, for learners of French as a second language in Montréal. The participants were asked to listen and react to native speakers of Paris and Montréal French varieties producing exactly the same linguistic content in two different situations, formal and informal. Results show that stylistic variation had a considerable impact on the participants' perceptions and choices. Meanwhile, the data also reveal an amalgam made between, firstly, formal language and European French and, secondly, colloquial language and Québec French.
Keywords: Français québécois, variation stylistique, sociophonétique, langue cible, Quebec French, stylistic variation, sociophonetics, target language
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21159.More information
Research Framework: Inequalities in access to childcare for young children are particularly strong in France. We analyze them through the question of the non-recourse to rights and services (Warin, 2016) in order to think about families' childcare arrangements in relation to a local public offer. Objectives: The objective is to research the different ways in which working-class mothers choose to care for their children when faced with a very inadequate public supply of early childhood care and an allocation criteria that are not favourable to them. Methodology: The empirical survey is based on comprehensive interviews that were carried out with mothers (N = 27) in three working-class neighbourhoods in a city with very few childcare facilities. Results: The analysis shows different forms of non-use that mothers have of childcare facilities. These forms are linked to the social and professional situations they are confronted with, that is in connection with an inadequate local supply: an assumed or asserted non-demand; a lack of information and knowledge of the supply and administrative procedures; a failure to offer and receive alternative proposals to the crèche, informal childcare by relatives or under the table. As their children grow older, mothers express increasing needs for care that are specifically at their development and socialization, and not only the needs related to their professional activity. Conclusions: The difficulties encountered by mothers raise questions about the quantity and quality of municipal childcare provision, as well as the cobbling together of formal and informal childcare solutions. Contribution: To understand whether or not mothers have recourse to extra-familial childcare, we emphasize the importance of simultaneously taking into account the situation of the local supply with which they are directly confronted and their own social and professional situation.
Keywords: petite enfance, mère, quartier populaire, accueil extrafamilial, garde des enfants, non-recours, conciliation famille-travail, besoin de l'enfant, early childhood, mother, out-of-home care, childcare, non-recourse, family-work balance, working-class neighbourhood, child's needs, primera infancia, madre, barrio popular, cuidados extrafamiliares, puericultura, no utilización, conciliación familia-trabajo, necesidades del niño
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21160.More information
Urban commons as a concept and social practice represent a new socio-economic and territorial logic in sustainable urbanism. They take different forms and include several social groups, generating numerous ideas and practices, sometimes new and sometimes in continuity with the past. Experiences of how urban commons contribute to debates are explored in territorial studies, particularly around issues of citizen participation and territorial governance. Through two case studies of urban commons in the city of Bologna in Italy, the structural and contextual conditions that led to their creation are analysed, and the associative dynamics are developed. This article offers an overview of how these projects contribute to participatory territorial development by comparing six elements: inclusion and democratic practices; needs targeted and met; appropriation of urban space; political aspect; feminist values and practices; and ecological values and practices.
Keywords: Urbain commons, Communs urbains, Bologna, Bologne, citizenship, citoyenneté, participation, participation, social movement, mouvement social