Documents found
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1981.More information
Craniocerebral trauma is a devastating experience for families; it is equally so for the health professionals confronted with their own impotence in the face of the suffering of both the individual affected by the craniocerebral trauma and those close to that person. The mourning process of the state of being before the accident, their life before the accident is without a doubt difficult, and yet it also comes with the potential to learn and grow, as much for the families as the health professionals closely implicated with them. A relationship built on mutual sharing of knowledge and expertise in the spirit of true equality is the hallmark of a healthy relationship though it is highly charged with emotion. Partnership emerges as an ideal strategy to transform this situation of suffering into a positive experience for both members of the family and the involved health professionals.
Keywords: deuil, adaptation, résilience, intervention familiale, relation familles-professionnels, partenariat, traumatisme craniocérébral, mourning, adaptation, resilience, family intervention, family-professional relationship, partnership, craniocerebral trauma
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1982.More information
This study extends a first analysis of high literacy skills in written works produced by former dropouts in a secondary school in Paris. The question of gender division is discussed through a collection of data including students and teachers' talks, a writer-in-residence interview, and written materials, some using digital tools. Theoretical grounding informs the recognition of an approach to writing, supported by informal practices including digital usages. Results suggest that gender stereotypes in discourses and writing practices are less found in texts produced during creative writing workshops than in texts explicitly related to academic works.
Keywords: compétences rédactionnelles, raccrochage scolaire, stéréotypes genrés, écriture numérique, écriture créative, writing skills, return to school, gender stereotypes, digital writing, creative writing
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1983.More information
This paper proposes a critical commentary on François OST's most recent book: “À quoi sert le droit? Usages, fonctions, finalités”.Ost's philosophical inquiry has led him to conclude that the social importance of law essentially turns upon its contribution to the pursuit of a humanist ideal. The Western legal tradition has established the law as an autonomous institution whose primary function is to symbolically constitute every human being as a legal subject and a citizen. In private relations between social actors as well as in the functioning of state institutions, the law imposes reflexive and procedural requirements which express the aspiration of human being to freedom, to rational action and to responsible membership within a political community. Today, the authority and centrality of the law seem superseded by new normativities and regulatory techniques that tend to govern the behavior of social actors without appealing to individual conscience nor to democratic decision-making. Notwithstanding its obvious moral and political value in the present context, Ost's idealist philosophy must be supplemented by a truly sociological analysis in order to appreciate more realistically the contemporary significance of law. Far from being incompatible with pragmatic considerations, the mobilization of law contributes today to the primacy of instrumental over symbolic regulation in most social spheres, including state institutions. In the context of advanced modernity or postmodernity, law is better apprehended as a technical resource for purposive action than as a reference model for value-rational conduct. Admittedly, the ideal of classical humanism is still present in jurisprudence and often plays a determinant role in highly publicized judicial decisions. However, the sociological significance of the current symbolic manifestations of law needs to be properly assessed. Those manifestations do not amount to subjecting social or political processes to the preponderant control of law. Rather, they provide elite members and ordinary citizens with a psychosocial refuge from the moral and existential vertigos which accompany the advancement of a technological society.
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1984.More information
Taking into account the scarcity of critical analyzes of civil law in Quebec, this article contributes to legal research by proposing a new feminist methodology. It is based on the standpoint theory and it takes into account the performative power of the gender norm (and social sex relations) on positive law. These methodological tools make it possible to question fundamental concepts in civil law and to better understand the role of the C.c.Q. in the reproduction of social sex relations. More practically, this methodology will be used to question the subject of law, in civil law, and the apparently asexual construction of categories such as "owner" and "tenant".
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1985.More information
The application of Early Intensive Behavior Intervention (EIBI) requires elaborating objectives and strategies for each child. This individualization process is essential for a quality intervention. By law, institutions are accountable for the planning of interventions for each person to whom they provide services through the intervention plan. This study aims to identify the practices and challenges associated with developing these plans, within EIBI, as perceived by members of the intervention team (21 caseworkers, 6 supervisors, and 4 professionals). Analysis of semi-structured interviews helps identify perceived challenges, including those associated with intervention characteristics, parental involvement, interdisciplinary work, individualization, access to evidence-based data to support intervention planning and the standards of the institution.
Keywords: Intervention comportementale intensive, autisme, plan d'intervention, perception des intervenants, Early intensive behavioral intervention, autism, intervention plan, community, practitioner's perceptions
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1986.
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1987.More information
This article compares Michel Foucault's analysis of Velazquez' Las Meninas and the critical production inspired by the approach of the philosopher with the more conventional interpretation of the work by specialists of Spanish painting. Examining in detail the diverging strategies of the “theoreticians” and the “scholars,” it attempts to map out the conceptual horizon as well as the methodological procedures of both camps.One important point of divergence between the two groups is the result of Foucault's interest in the “apparatus” of the painting, as opposed to a concern for its narrative and symbolic content. This implies a passage from the “what” to the “how” of representation, from reference to self-reference and a privileging of structural functions over or before considerations of social status.The study also considers some repressed elements in the Foucauldian approach, from gender relations to the pictorial treatment of the work.
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1988.More information
This article reviews practical challenges to and perspectives on the use of face recognition in criminal science. A better understanding of the limitations and opportunities of this technology is essential to determining how it should be used in the judicial system. We suggest that this reflection must be part of an interdisciplinary approach that integrates the use of algorithms while taking into account the unique characteristics of both criminology and forensic science. Determining the state of the art in the use of face recognition requires answering several fundamental questions. What sort of images are used in face recognition ? How are they compared ? What objectives does face recognition serve ? Where is it implemented and by whom ? These questions – and their answers – allow us to identify the challenges and shortcomings of face recognition, as well as perspectives on its development and research. At the data level, the main issue concerns the quality of the original image and its potential degradation during collection and storage, which can influence its subsequent use. At the methodological level, the stakes involve the lack of standardisation and transparency in tasks carried out by both humans and automatic systems. When looking at face recognition as used in the civil and judicial domains, questions arise around how to protect privacy and individual liberties. Finally, the main challenges raised by its use as evidence in court concern communication, as well as standardisation and methodological validation.
Keywords: Reconnaissance faciale, image, action de sécurité, science forensique, élément de preuve, Face recognition, image, policing, forensic science, evidence, Reconocimiento facial, imagen, acción de seguridad, ciencia forense, elemento de prueba
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1989.More information
Little attention has been paid to the sources of thought of François-Xavier Garneau (1809-1866), despite his place among the founders of Quebec history and literature. The Catholic clergy has suggested that because he was a self-taught man, trained outside its supervision, Garneau spread unorthodox ideas, making him an incompletely trained historian. In fact, Garneau never ceased to enrich his knowledge and analytical skills by reading works from many different origins. Here we analyze his reading program and, in doing so, we want to open a reflection on the contribution of self-education to the constitution of the historical discipline.