Search Results

This article is about the international relations of Latin America between 1950-1980. No systematic account of such history is attempted here. Rather attention is paid above all to the main thrust of such history. In this study it is argued that most dominated countries have very little capacity to affect the general and most fundamental structures of the World System. These countries tend to be mere object of history. There foreign policies to a very large extent contribute to the reproduction of the World System. Indeed it is one of the functions they must assume as far as the development of the system is concerned. But given the fact that underdeveloped countries are also subject of history, they do not submit passively to such a general law of social system. Their foreign policies are sometimes designed to modify the International Division of Labor "or their place within it" and with it the distribution of power without however drastically changing or upsetting the inner logic of the World System. It is within such an approach that one must study the international role of dominated countries in general and of the Latin American states in particular.

Taking into consideration critiques from women of color or lesbians on the white ethnocentric and heterosexist character of a large part of feminist theorizing, I try to conceptualize the category “women” while avoiding both essentialism and totalisation. For this purpose, I propose to use the Sartrian concept of seriality in order to think about women as a social group, without implying that all women share a set of social attributes. This allows me to adopt a conception of feminism that does not proceed from the category “women” as a whole, but stems out of the partial practices that politicize various aspects of “women's condition”. Thus, one can define feminism as a theory and a political practice that is not exclusive to the domain of “women”, but rather draw on various coalitions that challenge the power relation between men and women in some respect.

In recent years there has been an important shift in the pattern of Canadian food aid distribution towards a greater concentration on Africa. Recent projections call for increased transfers of food aid to Africa in the foreseeable future. Given the growing concern about the long-term contribution that food aid might make to increasing food sufficiency in Africa, this paper examines the concept of « developmental » food aid and its implications for Canadian food aid policy. First, the article discusses some of the problems that arise out of the provision of increased volumes of non-emergency food aid to Africa. Then, it examines the recent evolution of Canadian food aid policy with particular attention to some of the difficulties involved in implementing a strategy of providing « developmental » food aid to Africa on a long-term basis. The issues of policy dialogue, recipient selection, donor co-ordination, and food aid dependence are discussed respectively.

Although it has been the subject of numerous criticisms, intercultural management continues to be disseminated mainly in its canonical version. This resistance to change has its origins in the very construction of the field. A historical analysis is therefore useful.The article highlights the roots: “ethnic psychology” (taking as a starting point the work of Ch. Letourneau 1901), “psychology of peoples” and North American cultural anthropology, to arrive at what has been considered as “normal” intercultural science (taking as a basis the work of G. Hofstede 1980). The article raises the questions posed by this heritage in relation to an expected renewal: numerous forgotten differences (power, gender, race) and western centering.

Keywords: management interculturel, culture, psychologie, critique, intercultural management, culture, psychology, critical, gestión intercultural, cultura, psicología, crítica

The digital platform economy, driven by the advent of mobile Internet and breakthrough technologies such as cloud computing, big data analytics, and artificial intelligence, has become a prominent economic paradigm since the early 2000s. These platforms are reshaping the landscape of labour, serving as intermediaries for the provision of goods and services, and they pose significant challenges to conventional employment and social safety nets. This article explores the origins, development and impacts of digital platforms on work, based on a review of the literature on the subject and on empirical data. The article begins by outlining the emergence of digital platforms, their various forms and the extent of the platform work phenomenon. It then describes the characteristics of platform workers and their employment conditions. Based on data from a survey of young Quebecers working on the Uber and Uber Eats platforms, the article then analyses why they choose this type of employment. The conclusion raises the challenges posed by digital platforms to the regulation of work.

Keywords: Work, Travail, plateformes numériques, digital platforms, impacts, impacts, working conditions, conditions de travail

Hurricane Katrina, a Category 4 storm on the Safir-Simpson scale, first slammedinto Louisiana. Monday morning, August 29, with 230 kph winds before sweepingacross Mississippi and Alabama. City of New Orleans was 80% flooded becausea 60-meter breach in a levee caused waters from Lake Pontchartrain to pour intoNew Orleans's city center. Much of the city sits below sea level. Also, violentwinds severely damaged Mississippi coastal and destroyed Biloxi. Officialsestimated a million people had left the apocalyptic area. Katrina turned one ofAmerica's most charming cities into a vast cesspoll tainted with toxic chemicalsand human waste, causing disease issue. Few days after the hurricane, 80 000people were still trapped in the submerged city of New Orleans. One month later,the non final death toll reached 1225 in those five states hit by Katrina.Majority of reinsurers and special agencies has increased their estimates for damagesstemming from Katrina to between $30 and $50 billion in insurance lossesand more than $125 billion in total economic losses. Katrina could become themost expensive insurance loss in U.S. history, surpassing Hurricane Andrew ($22billion) and the terror attack of September 11, 2001 ($32 billion). However, it isstill too early to tell if some insurers and reinsurers should be able to absorb theloss of the biggest urban disaster the USA has ever seen. The author does not missto mention insurability problems exacerbated by global warming.This article also points out humanitarian and fînancial support from United Statesand countries around the world and the first lessons to be drawn from that drama.

Keywords: Inondation, ouragan, catastrophe humanitaire américaine, industrie de l'assurance et de la réassurance, aide humanitaire, prévention, Flood, US humanitarian disaster, insurance and reinsurance industry, humanitarian support, prevention