Documents found
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3151.More information
AbstractFor more than a decade the Cuban revolution has been undergoing profound social and political changes. These changes are, in part, responses to the island-nations integration into the capitalist global economy, in an era characterized by the fall of European socialism. Despite the ease by which many scholars and commentators discuss Cuba's “transition” during this period of economic upheaval, anthropological analysis reveals a more complex social landscape. Through an examination of the changing forms of state governance regarding health and the environmental research, this article analyses how, thriving on the insertion of new forms of capital, state policies work to maintain the socialist ideology in the institutions and practices of everyday life, thereby forging individual social identities (the revolucionario) that are in line with rationalities of socialist governance. However, these policies are often interpreted and transformed by individuals in ways that suit their own immediate needs in a socio-political context increasingly marked by economic scarcity. Combined, these responses to state policy suggest that revolutionary identity, in Cuba's post-Soviet economy, is complex and at times contradictory. This calls for a critical rethinking of the construction of Cuba's socialist subject, thereby opening up new ways of thinking and writing about the country's “transition” and more generally about issues of socialism and postsocialism.
Keywords: Doyon, Brotherton, Cuba, socialisme, santé, recherche scientifique, environnement, Doyon, Brotherton, Cuba, socialism, health, scientific research, environment, Doyon, Brotherton, Cuba, socialismo, salud, investigación científica, medio ambiente
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3152.More information
AbstractAnthropology in Crisis and the Crises of Anthropology in Mexico, 1970-1986Mexico, after revising again and again her plans for social, economic and moral development, is now facing a deep crisis likely to bring about complex consequences. Anthropology, no less affectad by these changes, has had to adopt a more realistic stance, albeit with some bitter reservations. Today, Mexican society appears to see in the bringing together of sometimes conflicting factions and ideologies an alternative to fascism. Many Mexican anthropologists are working towards such an historical compromise while ensuring that their discipline deals with relevant issues. By so doing, they are also helping to bring about a new kind of anthropology.
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3153.More information
Keywords: innovation sociale, territoire, espace d'autonomie, émancipation
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3154.More information
In Co-operative Education programs, little consideration is generally given to knowledge transfer taught for work situations. Most existing pedagogical systems more or less implicitly leave this responsibility to each learner. However, for a long time, many studies have shown that this is a very difficult process for isolated individuals. The premise of the work presented in this article is that it is necessary to organize group activities designed to help learners transfer the knowledge they learn into the work context. From this perspective, we report on the process of designing and integrating a knowledge transfer work tool in a university Co-operative Education program, carried out as part of a doctoral thesis. The design process, which was conducted in collaboration with the trainers, is described in detail. We also present the results of tests made on this new tool by some tutors and students. This process led to reorganizing evaluation methods for interns in a work situation, creating closer connections between the various actors involved in evaluation.
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3155.More information
The paper describes how the German Mittelstand, or small-and medium-sized entreprises, are financed in Germany. The first section of the paper documents the role of the German Mittelstand, both in a static and a dynamic framework, and contrasts it to that in other leading developed industrialized countries. In general, the Mittelstand has played a more important role in Germany than have small-and medium-sized enterprises in other developed industrialized nations such as the United States and the United Kingdom. The traditional success of the German Mittelstand is attributable to a system of finance which is richly layered by complementary institutions designed to meet the financial needs of both large and smaller enterprises. At the same time there is evidence that even under the German system of finance a negative relationship exists between liquidity constraints and firm size. And, it appears that the German system of finance is particularly vulnerable in its ability to channel funds into new firms in new industries.
Keywords: Finance, Allemagne, PME, Contrainte de liquidité
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3156.More information
In this paper, the author examines the return of kings to the public arena in Benin. Indeed, since the very beginning of colonization, the pre-colonial kingdoms have been under the watchful eyes of the rulers who, by making them heritage, lay claim to their power. The author sets out the idea that the king, as a representation of pre-colonial authority builds himself up through images of power, which nourish democratization and the processes of decentralization in contemporary Benin. Thus, she looks closely at Louis Marin's concept of representation as power through a few portraits of kings, who emerged after the National conference discussing it in the context of Claude Lefort's theory of the locus of power in democracy as an empty space.
Keywords: Tall, royauté, patrimoine, démocratie, représentation, pouvoir, Bénin, Tall, Kingship, Heritage, Democracy, Representation, Power, Benin, Tall, realeza, patrimonio, democracia, representación, poder, Benín
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3157.More information
This article proposes to assess the impact of the attributes of discretionary power of top executives on the financial performance of their company in the context of a country with a weak system of governance, Cameroon. Analysis of the results shows that a top executive who mobilizes his specific managerial skills, invests in assets linked to his knowledge or even seeks support within his relational network achieves better performance than one who does not. Only donations to board directors have a negative effect on financial performance. However, Cameroonian top executives are constrained in their discretionary power by certain checks and balances, and the high level of indebtedness of their firm.
Keywords: pouvoir discrétionnaire, latitude managériale, gouvernance, performance financière, théories managériales, discretionary power, managerial latitude, governance, financial performance, managerial theories, poder discrecional, latitud gerencial, gobernanza, desempeño financiero, teorías gerenciales
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3158.More information
The Musée national des beaux-arts du Québec is the oldest of our state museums. It had been in the making since 1922 and opened its doors in 1933, in the middle of an economic crisis. It was also in a difficult context that its identity, collections and outreach initiatives gradually took shape under the aegis of directors whose backgrounds were as different as they were complementary. Among them, the visionary and resilient Paul Rainville (1887-1952) stands out. An inspiring personality, he was the model for transparent management, accountability and concern for serving the community well. He left a varied and lasting imprint on a national institution which, until 1963, was known as the “Musée de la Province de Québec.” If Rainville had lived in our time, he would no doubt have known how to cope with our governance regulations and find innovative ways to overcome the obstacles confronting our museal institutions both large and small.
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3159.
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3160.More information
This article reports a survey on wage-earning in the cities of southern Benin. Indeed, the exercise of wage-earning has evolved a lot in this beginning of the twenty-first century with a reversal of trends. The job market is resolutely submissived to the diktat of unbridled capitalism where a low offer of job always demanding conditions a growing request in a social and economic environment weakened by massive unemployment. Today, finding a job is a real ordeal that infers a physical and psychological cost where the conditions do not guarantee its permanence. We are witnessing a precariousness of job and the employee is in a constant quest for recognition in and through the activity which working conditions continue to deteriorate. The models of economic development that are proposed no longer succeed in convincing the community, which loses confidence in the effectiveness of economic policies enveloped in unbridled liberalism which constantly erodes the construction of identities and the social link. This decadence of wage-earning affects deeply men and society by relaunching both the debate on the future of wage-earning and the issue of social dynamic.
Keywords: Réinventer, salariat, décadence, identités, sud du Bénin, Reinvent, Wage-Earning, Decadence, Identities, Southern Benin