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Keywords: ENTRETIEN SEMI-DIRIGÉ, IDENTITÉ DE CHERCHEUR, AFRIQUE

This article examines the basic premises underlying the formula converting R scores into cumulative percentage grades. Since 2003, this method is used by Québec universities ranked in MacLean's magazine. However, the scope of this conversion formula largely exceeds the simple classification of institutions for which it was conceived. In fact, Cegep students are seriously disadvantaged when their cumulative average is compared to that of high school graduates from other Canadian provinces. To be equitable, the R score-to-percentage conversion method should be used each time the grades of Cegep graduates are compared to those of their high school peers elsewhere in Canada during the admission process (access to limited enrolment programs, eligibility for bursaries based on merit or achievement awards) or as a measure to compare the performances of educational institutions or systems.

Keywords: Enseignement supérieur, mesure de performance, palmarès d'établissements, universités, collèges, cotes R, Higher education, performance measures, university ranking, universities, colleges, R score, Ensino superior, medida de performance, palmarés de estabelecimentos, universidades, colégios, cotes R

Since the beginning of the 1980s, administrative reforms of democratic states have been largely influenced by managerialism or, in other words, new public management. Yet, few empirical studies have been devoted to the rise, and the proliferation of these new modes of governance. If the reforms enacted in the United Kingdom, New Zealand, the United States, and to a lesser extent Canada, have influenced many other democracies, it could hardly have been achieved without the continuous support of influential international organisations, such as the Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD). How exactly were these new modes of governance being promoted from one country to another? What specifically was the role played by financial and non financial International Organisations in the promotion of these new modes of governance? Though there is a strong international homogeneity in terms of values, principals, and discourses used to promote these (then) emerging patterns of governance, diversity of organizational settings has never been doubted by academics and practitioners. The following paper suggests that the institutional isomorphism of the new modes of governance stands in sharp contrast to the heteromorphism of organisational practices, resources and constraints.

Using the individual data of 30,329 ex-entrepreneurs2 from the GEM database between 2007 and 2013, we tested the impact of voluntary and involuntary exit reasons as well as other determinants (human and social capital and fear of failure) on the intention to recreate after a business exit. Our results show that unlike individuals who have voluntarily left their activities, individuals (from OECD countries) who have left their previous business involuntarily are more likely to try an entrepreneurial adventure again. They can perceive this experience as a first try, through which they have acquired knowledge that they can use in a future venture.

Keywords: La sortie d'entreprise, L'intention de recréer une entreprise, Les raisons de sortie, Business exit, Intention to recreate a business, Exit reasons, La salida de la empresa, La intención de recrear un negocio, Los motivos de la salida

Internationalization sustains company's growth. But the process may be much too demanding for SME's. Thus entrepreneurs can lean their firm's international development on networking in order to fit into foreign business ecosystems and get opportunities to create higher value despite resources shortages. In this framework the role of the international French chamber of commerce network will be enlighten by the presentation of five specific companies whose internationalization in Japan has been helped through networking with the French Chamber of commerce in Japan. These case studies show how networking may accelerate internationalization of small and medium companies and help them bypass the traditional incremental process of internationalization.

Keywords: Croissance PME, Internationalisation, Accompagnement, Réseaux, SME's growth, Support for internationalization, Networks, Crecimiento PyME, Ayuda a la internacionalización, Redes

Empirical research regarding genetic discrimination (GD) in the province of Quebec is largely limited. As such, this study aims, through a qualitative methodology, to explore and collect the opinions, experiences and knowledge of Quebecers regarding GD. In accordance with the exploratory objectives of this study, we chose the online forum approach as a means to extract qualitative data that would most accurately represent the perspectives of the Quebec public on various themes relating to GD. Participants' comments on the forum indicate that there are tangible fears concerning DG in Quebec as well as a need for social debate on this important issue, as an integral part of the genetic revolution and personalized healthcare.

This article argues that the Christian mystical tradition may provide an important contribution to promoting the dignity of the human person. Based on the experiential awareness of the transcendental foundation of the « I » (namely the loving encounter with God), the anthropology of the contemplative-mystical tradition considers the foundation of the human person — the « being » of the human person — to be a relationship of transcendental love, rather than as the individuality of the « I ». This relationship is unique and consequently, mystical anthropology emphasizes the unicity of each person and resists the notion that the human person is a mere individuality ; a disposable entity in the whole.