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492.More information
The pedagogical potential of conversational and communicative images has not been fully recognized and is rarely a part of teachers training programs. In this article, the authors outline a semiotic approach to teaching. In this specific case, the approach is based on developing pedagogical tools that allow for the reasoned use of current media and practices' inherent multimodality.
Keywords: multimodalité, image conversationnelle, objet médiateur, réception, multimodality, conversational image, mediator, reception
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493.More information
This article proposes a Translation Quality Assessment (TQA) framework for a particular type of intralingual translation, namely the interregisterial transformation of specialized texts into ones suitable for a lay target readership, also known as diaphasic intralingual translation. Based on a functionalist linguistic and translation-theoretical approach, this framework is designed to assess and promote registerial adequacy in diaphasic intralingual target texts. The article associates this adequacy with maximum transparency of meaning in target texts and identifies five different principles as more specific quality criteria: (1) iconicity between meanings and wordings, (2) familiarity of lexis, (3) explicitness of meanings, (4) groundedness or concreteness, and (5) coherence. These five principles are in some cases subcategorized and in all cases defined in terms of linguistic manifestations. Examples are drawn from the lay-oriented genre known as Patient Information Leaflets, i.e., the small brochures included with medicinal products that provide information and instructions to the user. Most cases include both “positive” and “negative” examples, i.e., instances of both adherence and non-adherence to a given principle. Many of the “negative” examples are followed by suggestions for improvement.
Keywords: diaphasic intralingual translation, Translation Quality Assessment, registerial adequacy, functionalism, traduction intralinguale diaphasique, évaluation de la qualité de la traduction, adéquation du registre, fonctionnalisme
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494.More information
Gender identity has been legally recognized, both at the European level and nationally in France. Sporting events, for their part, are organized by gender, thereby removing gender identity from a classification system applied strictly according to biological identity. Yet respect for this identity remains highly questionable – uncertain – when it comes to the inclusion of intersex individuals who face discrimination. This article seeks to clarify the consequences of gender identity on sports regulations and ultimately reveal the inadequacy, if not the obsolescence, of the binary approach implemented by various federations which, when confronted with reality, has proven to be unsuitable.
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495.More information
A student in psychological distress is above all a student in crisis. Between the rupture full of potentialities, and the organization of rupture at risk, how to use the dynamic slope of the state of crisis? Through the presentation of an innovative device, the Relay Student High School Student Health Foundation of France, we will discuss some of the technical resources specific to the care of students in a perspective of short and multidisciplinary psychodynamic treatment : the immediacy of the time of the object relation compared to the long time of the transference neurosis, the multifocal approach and the reformulation of the initial problem, the necessary alliance and the empathy for an investigation and a dynamic evaluation initiating change.
Keywords: étudiants, thérapie brève, mal-être, jeunesse, crise, multifocal, psychodynamique, students, short therapy, malaise, youth, crisis, multifocal, psychodynamic
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496.More information
Compelling evidence exists that centralized bargaining structures, including broader-based and sectoral bargaining (bbb), offer significant benefits to workers. Examining the role of bbb in major Canadian labour law reform initiatives between the late 1980s and 2019, this article explores why the labour movement, despite the potential advantages of bbb, has not collectively pursued bbb reforms. It concludes with an analysis of the failure to incorporate bbb proposals into labour legislation and an assessment of the key challenges to adopting significant bbb reforms in the future. Earlier research concluded that bbb proposals in the 1990s failed because of employer opposition and lack of understanding, including by labour. This study departs from earlier conclusions to find that neither of these factors has been prominent regarding bbb in recent decades. Instead, lack of support for bbb arises from some unions’ concerns about preserving existing representation rights, resistance to the prospect of mandatory councils of unions, and anticipation of jurisdictional conflicts. Lack of support for bbb from some peak labour organizations arises from a consensus approach to deciding which labour law reform issues to promote. An additional challenge to its adoption is the politicized nature of labour law reform, and the political cost of innovative and untried proposals deter governments from adopting bbb.
Keywords: broader-based and sectoral bargaining, Canadian labour law reform, law reform, bbb
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Preoccupied by issues of identity and subjectivity, the twentieth century elected two key symbolic figures to enable Man to claim and define himself: on one side, the a-human, on the other, the abject (Julia Kristeva) and the vile (Jean Clair). Today, these figures no longer suffice. At a time when the individual is overemphasized at the expense of the collectivity, when zapping is considered a privileged relationship to the world and symbolic violence has become increasingly raw, a new figure for examining our humanity is gaining ground: “the bestial human”, who functions on the principle of the alternative. How can this new declension, which is derived from the myth and adapted to our Western societies, establish itself? Through persuasion (word of mind), or empathy (word of heart)? It is up to us to measure the extent, the stakes, the ontological implications.