Documents found
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3201.More information
The multiple definitions of a social problem depend on various theoretical perspectives, schools of thought, social historical and political contexts, groups of interest and presence of diverse actors, etc. To the extent that a problem is recognized as a social one, it is after it passed through various stages: number of citizens touched by the problem, social ties proximity or distance to the social mainstream in relation to the problem, institutionalization process, modalities of social reactions, etc. We will attempt to demonstrate certain links between social conditions and gambling abuse as a potential social problem. In a second phase, a psychosocial perspective will illustrate the addiction phenomenon and the central importance of distinguishing between use and abuse in the addiction cycle construction. Finally, a conclusion will focus on future perspective and questioning the gambling phenomenon as a social problem.
Keywords: Problème social, dépendance, jeux de hasard et d'argent, individualisme, contrôle social, Social problem, addiction, gambling, hyper individualism, social control
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3202.More information
AbstractContrary to the popular belief that loneliness is typically associated with adults, and especially with older persons, this state can occur early in life. In fact, an increasing number of studies indicate that an important proportion of adolescents experience an intense episode of loneliness. This literature review describes loneliness among younger persons. We discuss the ampleness of the problem, the definition of the phenomenon, the feeling associated with loneliness, precipitating and predisposating factors and, finally, coping strategies to deal with this experience.
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3203.More information
AbstractThe sociolinguistics of Translating Canonical Religious Texts — Discussions of the theory and practice of translating have largely neglected the sociolinguistic factors in translating. This is particularly true in the case of religious texts, in which problems of textual variants, historical criticism, the power of tradition, the tensions between form and content, orality, format, diversities of genres, and interpretive notes play such an important role. As a result, multiple translations of such texts are generally required because of the diverse backgrounds of readers and the various uses of religious texts, for example, study, devotion, proclamation, and liturgy.
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3204.More information
AbstractThere is nothing more American et first glance than Yves Beau-chemin's Le Matou, an urban novel that tells the story of one young Quebecois's capitalist initiation. However, a closer look at the character of Ratablavsky allows us to recognize the persistent presence in Beauchemin's work of not only certain French traditions (Rabelais, La Fontaine), but also a distinctly Quebec cultural tradition showing an attachment to "spiritual" values as well as a fear mixed with fascination towards foreigners. Taking into consideration other texts by the same author (L'Enfirouapé, Juliette Pomerleau), one observes a gradual ideological clarification, at the end of which the former "theocracy" is replaced by charity and a new Quebec identity crystallizing around the communal powerlessness of minority groups. Such an analysis gives rise to more global considerations concerning the evolution during which a given society can elaborate certain norms and values subject to a permanent process of questioning and renewal.
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3205.More information
This article seeks to provide an overview of some of the Inter-American Human Rights System's contributions to the development of regional legal standards on girls' and women's human rights from a positivist perspective. It first addresses the System's normative and institutional framework on this topic. It then presents key jurisprudential advances in three specific areas: the right to equality and non-discrimination; the right to be free from violence; and sexual and reproductive rights.
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3206.More information
The author aims to highlight and read over some experiences of both racialized and white lesbian feminists, from the end of the 90s, against racism in the lesbian feminist movement, and then against the nationalist restrictions of French migration politics – using Jasbir K. Puars' concept of homonationalism (2007). It stems from the author's personal experience, given that she participated as an activist as well as an academic, into different ‘ women and lesbians in migration ' initiatives. The author's epistemological stand values the importance of the standpoint. In this sense, she also underlines the central role played by some racialized and proletarized lesbians.The author distinguishes a first period, from 1999 to 2004, in which the central struggle is the denunciation of racism within the lesbian movement, which is formulated by a group of racialized lesbians who strongly advocate, for the first time, for an autonomous organization – i.e. without white lesbians. From 2005 to 2010, the struggle takes a turn towards fighting heterosexism in migrations politics (increasingly restrictive), and towards highlighting lesbians' migration – through mixed-race initiatives, that are in part, academic ones. Finally, the author goes back to the concept of « homonationalism », proposing the concepts of « heterocirculation » of women and « lesbonationalism », in order to describe the present situation as well as the action taken by new groups.
Keywords: lesbianisme, féminisme, migration, asile, homonationalisme, lesbonationalisme, hétérocirculation des femmes
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3207.More information
Interactions between global (especially Western) influences and locally differentiated traditions constitute the fabric of contemporary life. The increasing flow of capital, products, ideas and people, as well as everyone's consciousness of these interconnections, produces a process of cultural globalization, readable in food studies. The anthropology of Polynesian food presents a privileged vantage point for the analysis of global and local interrelations and adaptations, i.e., « food glocalization ». Applied to the Society and Rapa Islands of French Polynesia, food anthropology sheds light on the ever-changing complexity of interactions among people, their traditions and external influences. Social actors' awareness of new normative models allows them to surpass those food models sometimes experienced as compulsory in ways that alternate between resistance, adaptation and hybrid creation.
Keywords: Serra Mallol, alimentation, globalisation, anthropologie, tradition, identité, Polynésie française, Serra Mallol, Food, Globalization, Anthropology, Tradition, Identity, French Polynesia, Serra Mallol, alimentación, globalización, antropología, tradición, identidad, Polinesia francesa
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3208.More information
Social representations of urban space are subject to interpretation and reappropriation by people beyond the official names of public authorities. This paper's objective is to relate the way in which public spaces are occupied, challenged and transformed by the « citizens » with the purpose of subverting the city. The names of streets and districts provide access to a set of topics which exceeds the materiality of the city. To perceive in a given context the system of value, representations, discourses and symbols gives groups of population a sense of identity and strength. These recompositions of the urban array taking place in daily life subvert the managerial and political logics. The city is not only a mass of population or a densely built area ; it refers to the specific links that urbans construct with each other and with the space in which they live. Popular semiotics offers a look at the social practices and at the effects of recomposition in the city of Douala which helps to determine its ambivalent anchoring in modernity as well as the way to read political action.
Keywords: Amougou Mbarga, Douala, cultural studies, citoyenneté, citadinité, hégémonie sociale, espaces de représentation, Amougou Mbarga, Douala, Cultural Studies, Citizenship, Townsmanship, Social Hegemony, Spaces of Representation, Amougou Mbarga, Douala, cultural studies, ciudadanía, citadino, hegemonía social, espacios de representación
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3209.More information
AbstractThis paper offers an analysis of violence and racism in the light of relations between Indians and Metis in Mexico. The starting point of the analysis is symbolic violence, considered as normal in the cultural construct of the nation and acted out in the tendency to criminalize indigenous peoples. Specific aspects of violence, symbolic or otherwise, are presented in this paper to illustrate what is emerging from inter-ethnic relations in Mexico City.
Keywords: Oehmichen Bazán, Indiens, Mazahuas, Métis, relations interethniques, violence, Mexico, Oehmichen Bazán, Indians, Mazahuas, Metis, interethnic relations, violence, Mexico City, Oehmichen Bazán, Indigenas, Mazahuas, Mestizos, relaciones interétnicas, violencia, México
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3210.More information
AbstractThis articles examines the construction of the discourse of « paternal authority » within the Quebec legal system between 1866 and 1928, as reflected in child custody decisions. Judges consistently championed the model of the traditional, hierarchical family when it granted custody to the biological parent rather than to a foster home. As of the 1890s however, new insight into the needs of children called into question the contribution of each parent. Fathers began to be excluded from the possibility of receiving custody because the demands of their jobs were seen as preventing them from properly watching over their children.