Search Results

This article reports a survey on wage-earning in the cities of southern Benin. Indeed, the exercise of wage-earning has evolved a lot in this beginning of the twenty-first century with a reversal of trends. The job market is resolutely submissived to the diktat of unbridled capitalism where a low offer of job always demanding conditions a growing request in a social and economic environment weakened by massive unemployment. Today, finding a job is a real ordeal that infers a physical and psychological cost where the conditions do not guarantee its permanence. We are witnessing a precariousness of job and the employee is in a constant quest for recognition in and through the activity which working conditions continue to deteriorate. The models of economic development that are proposed no longer succeed in convincing the community, which loses confidence in the effectiveness of economic policies enveloped in unbridled liberalism which constantly erodes the construction of identities and the social link. This decadence of wage-earning affects deeply men and society by relaunching both the debate on the future of wage-earning and the issue of social dynamic.

Keywords: Réinventer, salariat, décadence, identités, sud du Bénin, Reinvent, Wage-Earning, Decadence, Identities, Southern Benin

One of the professional activities of psychoeducation, results assessment, involves the continuous monitoring of the effects of the intervention proposed by the psychoeducator. To implement this monitoring, single-case experimental designs are an option to favour because they allow (a) the assessment of the effectiveness of the intervention and (b) the demonstration that the intervention is responsible for the observed changes. Thus, the purpose of the current article is to guide psychoeducators in the selection and implementation of single-case experimental designs to assess the effects of interventions in applied settings. First, issues to consider when planning the assessment of the effectiveness of an intervention are presented. Then, reversal, multielement, multiple baseline, and changing criterion designs are described with an emphasis on their advantages and limitations. The selection and application of each design are also illustrated using examples. Finally, the challenges associated with the implementation of single-case experimental designs are examined by discussing environmental contingencies that may prevent and facilitate their adoption by psychoeducators in applied settings.

Keywords: devis expérimentaux à cas unique, évaluation, intervention, psychoéducation, assessment, intervention, psychoeducation, single-case experimental designs

In this article, we propose to understand Occupy Wall Street's political rationality as a protest against a situation of indebtedness that constitutes today an “existential condition” for a majority of Americans, and as an attempt at building bonds of solidarity between debtors by highlighting the structural and collective dimension of this shared condition. We thus analyze the discourse and strategies of a militant group born out of the OWS sphere: Strike Debt. By intervening at the level of affects and representations that sustain the legitimation of debts, its action aims at transforming default into a political gesture capable of toppling the power of the financial industry.

Keywords: mouvements sociaux, Occupy Wall Street, rationalité politique, endettement, financiarisation, néolibéralisme, résistance, Strike Debt, social movements, Occupy Wall Street, political rationality, debt, financialization, neoliberalism, resistance, Strike Debt

This comment criticizes the majority opinion in the judgment delivered by the Quebec Court of Appeal in Rochon v. The Queen. Contrary to the approach of the Court of Appeal, the author of this comment argues that despite the absence of a legal duty, the omission to do something may constitute a source of criminal liability for an aider or an abettor. What is necessary is that the aider or abettor refrains from acting so that he can influence the course of the offence. Similarly, unlike the concurring opinion of Justice Kasirer, the author of this comment holds that in order to bear criminal liability, the aider or abettor does not need to desire the consequences of the offence. It is sufficient for him to know that the principal offender is committing the offence or is about to commit it, and to knowingly provide him with the material or moral support.

Keywords: Responsabilité pénale, complicité, omission, aide, encouragement, actus reus, mens rea, Criminal liability, complicity, omission, aiding or abatting, actus reus, mens rea

The purpose of this article is to highlight the disadvantaged status of visible minorities in public and private sector organizations and the need for affirmative action/employment equity programs to ameliorate their disadvantaged statut, to describe and analyze public policy on employment equity at the federal and provincial levels, to evaluate the effectiveness of the federal EE initiatives; and to provide policy implications and recommendations for strengthening public policy initiatives.

AbstractThe objective of this article is to show the pertinence of a functional-structural approach to the study of mathematics school texts. This approach is based on three sources : Duval's theory of language functions, Jakobson's model of language functions in communication, and the model of semiotic structures developed by Richard. Following the presentation of the approach in the first part, the authors apply this to an analysis of two short texts taken from a geometry text used in French secondary schools in Québec. The adidactic objective that can be derived from these two texts shows how the semiotic means used can serve to improve the quality of communication with the future reader.

AbstractThis study examines the effect of text structure and vocabulary difficulty level on comprehension for readers in Grades 4 and 6. The 220 word texts represent four types of structure and two levels of vocabulary difficulty. The texts used were judged by a jury of teachers to be equivalent in terms of interest and familiarity. The results obtained permit the authors to conclude that comprehension is influenced by text structure. However, the analysis of data do not show any effect due to vocabulary difficulty level.

AbstractThis article attempts to verify and evaluate the importance of certain errors and the improvement of students' linguistic performance using a process of observation and analysis of the function of spatial reference. Following a lexical examination of spatial reference, the author notes that the analysis of occurrences could lead to an understanding of students' productions as well as the adoption of didactic approaches to improve language mastery. This research contributes to studies of strategies and productions of students of French, as a non-mother tongue language, specifically in Cameroon where questions regarding the teaching of French are gaining importance.

AbstractThe authors present a discussion of teachers' pedagogical culture as related to characteristics of multicultural classes. They examine the socio-political issues regarding multicultural classes, the process for training teaching practices, and the role given to learning the language of the host country. This analysis is based on a sociologist's interviews of teachers and on an analysis of ministerial reports describing schooling levels of allophones in France. The findings point out that the socio-cultural origin of teachers and the educational practices of the socio-institutional system provide the foundations for the construction of pedagogical practices, and, if mastery of the language used for teaching influences school success for students from social and cultural minority groups, then the absence of an institutional legitimacy for other languages and cultures limits their school integration.