Documents found
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1501.More information
Several novels by Edmond and Jules de Goncourt (In 18…, Charles Demailly, Renée Mauperin, Manette Salomon) offer long and rich descriptions of the Seine. We examine them in order to tease out their shared poetics, while also revealing a few notable exceptions. The Goncourts readily interrupt the narrative thread of a novel to indulge in compositions brimming with nuances of color, plays of light and shadow, contrasting movements, and orchestrations of sound. Without being descriptions of real paintings, these passages are sometimes inspired by a particular painter or work, thereby drawing the reader's attention to the authors' literary attempts to rival artists whom they admire. The geographical settings of these scenes vary, but they share a mixed tone that combines gaiety and melancholy. The Seine and its banks often function in the Goncourts' work as a deceptive or revealing locus amoenus where brief idyllic and romantic interludes unfold that nonetheless foreshadow imminent disaster. A melancholic tone also taints numerous references to the Seine in the Journal, especially in entries by Edmond after his brother's death.
Keywords: Edmond et Jules de Goncourt, Seine, fleuve, tableau, paysage, géocritique, Edmond et Jules de Goncourt, Seine, River, Landscape Painting, Geocriticism
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1503.
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1504.More information
In this paper, I discuss Maurice Merleau-Ponty's reading of L'Invitée by Simone de Beauvoir, in his essay “The Novel and Metaphysics”. I demonstrate that in order to understand why the question here is not only metaphysics but also morals, it is necessary to specify in what sense “The Novel and Metaphysics” stages theoretical materials that are introduced in other writings, in particular “The Metaphysics in Man”. The characters of the novel, couples and trio, come then to incarnate indeed a metaphysics addressing an inter-subjectivity that is straining itself until its rupture, but also of making be (faire être), and consciousness.
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1505.More information
Though the Roman Catholic Church exerted a great deal of influence over Quebec society at the beginning of the twentieth century, we are now aware that ideological pluralism existed in the province and that radicalism was part of that pluralism. It is indeed evident that certain groups were influenced by left-wing ideas emanating from Europe, and in particular from France. As such, certain organisations, including the Ligue de l'Enseignement, the Liberal party's left wing lead by Godfroy Langlois, the Masonic Lodges L'Émancipation and Force et courage, as well as certain members of the international unions which were united under banner of the Labour Party were influenced by French radicalism. As this paper shows, the temporary alliance between the liberal progressives and the labour leaders was an active part of that radical ideology.
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1507.More information
This article presents a literature review of existing academic, journalistic and non-fiction writing that has furthered the assessment of the writer and the occupation of writing in recent years. It is structured around four prominent themes that research about writers and writing commonly falls under: Being a Writer; Reputation, Fame and Hierarchies; Psychoanalyses of the Writer; and Economies of Writing. The final section of this article, Future Research, will propose research questions and methodological approaches which have, until now, remained largely absent from studies of the writer and writing life, and argues that these new areas of investigation are necessary to continue broadening the field of research about writing and furthering our understanding of the writer's inspirations, motivations and work practices.
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1508.More information
The first complete Dutch translation of Les Fleurs du Mal was done by the Flemish poet and translator Bert Decorte (1915-2009). Published in 1946, the translation De bloemen van den booze goes back to the second half of the 1930's when the young poet began his own writing. The translation's prime feature is the remarkable work on formal aspects (metre and rhyme) and on rhythm. The focus on meter induces different translation strategies depending on the degree of metrical constraint. Some transpositions are clearly an appropriation of meaning.This appropriation highlights another aspect of the creative process in this translation. It depends entirely on the resources of Dutch language and literature in Belgium where the French-speaking elite dominated all aspects of social life and considered the country as monolingual French until the late nineteenth century. Flemish literature had therefore to establish itself against its influential neighbour, a process which began with a Flemish contribution to French literature (Verhaeren, Maeterlinck, etc.), then by converting a French inspiration to a true Flemish expression (Van Langendonck, K. van de Woestijne), with Baudelaire playing a pivotal role. The literary relations with the Netherlands have followed a similar evolution. The translation of Les Fleurs du Mal, as well as Decortes's own poetry, have been received in Flanders as a modern continuation of this emancipatory effort. The translation owes its features to this intimacy which engenders in turn a truly Flemish Baudelaire.
Keywords: Baudelaire, métrique, néerlandais, littérature flamande, création, Baudelaire, metre, dutch, flemish literature, creation, Baudelaire, métrica, neerlandés, literatura flamenca, creación
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1509.More information
The Egyptian author Albert Cossery, who wrote in French, provides a raw, timeless and yet devoid of orientalism view of Cairo society which is unique in Arab literature, and has garnered him unanimous appreciation in France. However, the reception of Cossery's recently published works in the United States reveals a transatlantic cultural gap, both in terms of criticism and literary analysis. While the Anglo-Saxon world tends to view the work from a postcolonial and politically contemporary perspective, on the French side a more individual and history-grounded approach prevails, as attested by the interest literary genetics arouses in France. The translation of some passages likely to shock in Cossery's novels thus raises the issue of fidelity to the author's voice, which resonates differently as it is decontextualized and distanced from Cossery's personal history. The American translators have displayed openness to the writer's vision and empathy with his characters; nevertheless, they have carried out some smoothing out of a moral nature in these problematic passages, possibly in an attempt to resolve the tension between the adequacy and social acceptability of the translation as defined by Gideon Toury (1995/2004).
Keywords: littérature égyptienne, traduction littéraire, postcolonialisme, censure, génétique littéraire, Egyptian literature, literary translation, postcolonialism, censorship, literary genetics, literatura egipcia, traducción literaria, post-colonialismo, censura, genética literaria
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1510.