Documents found
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2192.
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2193.More information
In 2015, France recognized hematological malignancies, including non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL), as an occupational disease resulting from pesticide exposure. The IARC of the WHO then declared glyphosate and glyphosate-based herbicides to be genotoxic and probably carcinogenic. In the United States, 125,000 American victims of NHL attributed to Bayer-Monsanto's Roundup have filed lawsuits against the company, while 2.5 million pages of declassified internal documents, the Monsanto Papers, illustrated the incredible manipulations to conceal Roundup’s dangers and to subvert the evaluation and regulatory systems. After three costly convictions, Bayer-Monsanto signed a partial out-of-court settlement of $11 billion and withdrew Roundup from the U.S. domestic market. The structural increase in pesticides, from 2.3 to 4.1 million tons from 1990 to 2018, contributing to the 385 million cases per year of serious and unintentional poisoning, and their threatening impacts on the climate, biodiversity and planetary limits, require going beyond the compensation of certain diseases to highlight the responsibilities of producing firms, regulatory bodies and public authorities : This is the core of this article focused on glyphosate-based herbicides (HBC), the first pesticides in the world, in Canada and Quebec and their links with certain cancers, including non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL).
Keywords: Herbicides à base de glyphosate, Glyphosate-based herbicides, santé, health, travail, labor, politiques publiques, and public policy
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2194.More information
SummaryParadoxically, if the ideal of communication has been one of the most important generator as well as a major by-product of the United States' history, as American media get more and more sophisticated and spued over the world, such an ideal is thrown away, joepardized, denounced, and sometimes, hijacked by Third World countries in order to fulfill their own ideological purposes. In industrialized as well as rapidly developing societies in Europe and Asia, this American ideology of communication is astutely salvaged as contextual information for decision making by strategists involved against the United States on the international economic scene.
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2195.More information
Resource diplomacy has emerged as a key element in international relations. The controversy over the use of the grain embargo and persistent concern about the Middle East has allowed food and oil to continue to gain a great deal of attention as weapons of resource diplomacy. Other raw materials, nevertheless, also lend themselves to analysis of this sort. Strategic minerals, in particular, have been increasingly looked at as means of influence in both North/South and the East I West contexts. This study hopes to contribute to this growing body of literature by examining the significance (and merger) of the North/South and East I West contexts in regard to strategic minerals with particular reference to the Federal Republic of Germany. The paper examines the triangular relationship in strategic minerals between the FRG, Southern Africa and the Soviet Union. A number of scenarios have been put forward pertaining to a Soviet threat to Western mineral imports from Southern Africa. The most plausible of these scenarios appears to be that rather than the Soviets initiating action in Africa they respond to events in order to undermine confidence in the West. Such a scenario has serious implications for the FRG. Still, our tentative findings are that dire forecasts about a Soviet stranglehold on the FRG in terms of minerals are overplayed. It is suggested that coping mechanisms do exist for the FRG's supplies of raw materials.
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2196.More information
AbstractRight-wing extremism in the United States is examined in relation to the continual upheavals that have shaken the American social structure. Historical analysis of these movements reveals a striking parallelism between the convulsions American political life is undergoing presently, and periods of the past that were similarly marked by waves of religious and racial fanaticism. The author establishes the regularity with which extremist movements arise, and emphasizes the recurrent themes of prejudice and supposed conspiracies that are present in the explanations given by such movements for the social changes America has undergone and continues to undergo. He sheds light also on the conditions that lead to the emergence of right-wing movements, and attempts to explain the fact that most of them declined rapidly, whereas the factors that gave rise to them appear as constants of the American political scene.
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2198.More information
The following article submits a critical analysis regarding the evolution of North-South relations within the International Trade Union Movement, specifically concerning the creation of the International Trade Union Confederation (ITUC) in 2006. Currently faced with a growing transnational outsourcing phenomenon, affecting collective conflict and labor regulation in Africa as well as South and Central America, the ITUC draws attention to new issues. In terms of collective action, numerous South and Central American unions favor local alliances that extend to non-unionized actors. They criticize the ITUC's ignorance of local resistance as well as its preference for global action that is carried out through continental and institutional strategies. Divergences among members of the International Trade Union Movement are not only the result of internal power struggles that surfaced within the organization in 2006, during the Vienna exchanges. These differences owe their existence to history, notably to rapports of domination that the postcolonial period renewed and brought forward in other forms. In addition to history, declining notions of collective action resulting from differential policies also contribute to divergences. These policies are similar to the relationship between society and the State that Northern and Southern organizations base on separate premises. Here, the analysis is depicted by Quebec's central labor organizations' and the international methods of cooperation they employ. Several studies underline the emergence of new forms of representation and collective action lead by a number of South and Central American labor organizations. Even though, in some cases, these new types of representation take on traditional forms of unionism such as marked political involvement and organizational instability, they surface within atypical strategies. These unusual approaches include the coexistence of socially-generated unionism and community unionism, as well as the mobilization of local resistance movements through coalitions that extend to other community actors with prioritized issues (oversized informal economies and a compressed public sector). The analysis explores the underlying dynamic that, based on recurring local experiences, produces consequences on a global scale.
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2199.More information
ABSTRACTStarting with an empirical analysis of shareholders in Quebec's capital market, which raises historiographical and epistemological issues, this article highlights the significance of the internal social relations in understanding the national question. By the early decades of this century, the capital market in Québec contrasted sharply with that in English Canada. Although both relied on joint-stock companies, in Québec this emerging market was an integral part of a nationalist strategy, which enjoyed significant support among petty and middle-ranking bourgeois. Historically rooted and socially based, the creation of a separate capital market in Québec was thus a significant indicator of the distinct path to capitalism taken in Québec.
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2200.More information
The Report of the Quebec Task Force on Accessibility to Justice entitled Steps Toward a Greater Accessibility to Justice was submitted in September 1991. Its various recommendations treated subjects as disparate as legal aid, pre-paid legal insurance, the small claims court, alternative dispute resolution, legal information and education, and the special needs of non-mainstream groups such as cultural communities and aboriginal peoples. This essay situates the various recommendations of the Task Force within the larger debate about dejuridicization, dejudi-cialization and preventive law which is animating Quebec jurists today. It also raises certain challenges to our current conception of legal justice flowing from the post-modern critique of society. The essay concludes with a number of suggestions for broadening our conception of access to justice which were discussed by the Task Force but which were not the object of any formal recommendations.