Documents found
-
1461.More information
This interview with author Boubacar Boris Diop deals with Wolof literature, the teaching and writing of national languages in Senegal and the Senegalese publishing industry. Diop first looks back at his experience in Rwanda and how it influenced his decision to write in his native language, Wolof. He then traces a brief history of Wolof literature before responding to common objections regarding the writing and teaching of national languages, and outlines the main challenges that his country faces regarding the promotion of national languages in both education and literature. The interview covers a wide range of topics, from the position of French language in Senegalese educational system to the much-debated issue of the languages used by African writers in their works of fiction.
-
1462.More information
The Raconter la vie publishing site has amassed a collection of six hundred narratives over its two years of existence. The large number of stories it has encouraged in this way presents a mosaic made up of fragments of numerous lives that can be the object of sociology from different angles focused on a specific pattern or topic. One can still try to identify types of narratives : testimonies, social life stories or even artistic performances. Through a survey, we have chosen to meet some of the main actors of this digital stage, starting with the site's linchpin, the web editor, her contributors, called community editors, and the authors. Our goal was to examine the production of these stories and the proposal of their digital publication with respect to the authors' writing and reading practices, taking into account a writing culture, or even the reference of a literary culture. The authors discuss a variety of practices from personal diaries to the experience of writing workshops and professional writing. Many of them are adept at using digital resources : blogs, networks and platforms. The support of a renowned traditional publisher, the commitment of a Collège de France professor, the editorial team's competency—with double reading of manuscripts and help with technical layout—serve the authors' widely shared latent desire to be published. Something that would help them consider themselves amateur authors and cherish the hope of being recognized as writers. Failing to promote an impossible parliament of invisible authors, the publisher's site preserves the narrative form and at the same time supports the figure of the amateur author. It could be likened to a king size writing workshop with prisms of the digital world in which we are deprived of the sociability of shared readings, but allowed to play multiple identity games, those of characters and authors called upon to tell society's genuine story and who are so strongly seeking publishers.
Keywords: pratiques d'écriture et de lecture, culture de l'écrit, auteur amateur, sociabilités d'écriture, writing and reading practices, culture of writing, amateur writer, sociability of writing, prácticas de escritura y de lectura, cultura escrita, autor aficionado, socialización de la escritura
-
1463.More information
At all times, humans have had an ambivalent attitude towards children : the need to protect them in order to preserve through them some claim on immortality; and the need to protect themselves from them, since as the saying goes, they will bury us all. All human cultures have known this dual conception of childhood which has engendered many movements, but the second claim seems to have won more often than not. The need to hold children at bay, to control them, even by violent means, has dominated our cultures for centuries, until such time as there emerged, albeit hesitantly, the notion that children had rights and that these should be enshrined in treaties much like the human rights treaties that inspired them. There remains of course a long road ahead.
Keywords: Droits de l'enfant, Jean-Jacques Rousseau, Janusz Korczak, Convention internationale des droits de l'enfant, Violence, Rights of the child, Jean-Jacques Rousseau, Janusz Korczak, UN Convention on the Rights of the Child, Violence
-
1464.More information
Can people be found guilty of a criminal offence simply by being present in a certain place? The following text answers this question by analyzing the essential elements of either committing an offence or participating in an offence committed by another person.This article will show that simple presence by itself does not constitute the material element of a crime as given in the Criminal Code. Further analysis, however, demonstrates that physical presence in a location could correspond to criminal participation as stated in paragraphs 21(1)b) or 21(1)c) of the Criminal Code.
-
1465.
-
1466.More information
Hieronymus Cock's view of the Capitoline Hill, published in his 1562 series on Roman ruins, has long been considered a useful document by historians of art and architecture for the key historical and topographical information it contains on one of Rome's most celebrated sites during the Renaissance. Beyond its documentary nature, which, as will appear, was essentially rhetorical, the view also offers much information as to how a mid-sixteenth-century Flemish artist might perceive Rome's illustrious topography and celebrated ancient statuary. In other words, Cock's engraving enables us to put into practice what may be called an “archaeology of the gaze.” Through previously unnoticed details, Cock invents a comical—verging on the satirical—vision of the antique sculptures proudly displayed on the famous piazza. Such an ironical reversal of Italian classical dignity is typical of the attitude of some contemporary Flemish artists, such as Pieter Bruegel the Elder, who was then close to Cock, and exposes the ambivalent position of some Northern European artists towards the classical tradition and Italian art theory. Finally, the analysis of other engravings of ruins by Hieronymus Cock where two emblematic characters—the draftsman and the kakker (the one who defecates)—appear side by side, sheds light on the origin and possible significance of these comical and subversive details.
-
1467.More information
This text aims at determining the scope of provincial legislative competence on matters relating to public morality. A major difficulty encountered results from the fact that under the Constitution Act 1867, the federal Parliament enjoys an exclusive jurisdiction in matters of criminal law. The present study explores to what extent the provinces and municipalities can regulate matters relating to prostitution, erotic magazines, massage parlours, etc., without infringing upon federal powers.
-
1469.More information
As Valérie Mailhot notes in her article « The" revolutionary dislocation" of bodies in Josée Yvon’s writings », the author and her poetry are « Offset with the ideological groups and movements of her time. Offset because [Yvon] published her first book, Filles-commandos bandés, in 1976, at a time when Quebec’s counterculture is on the way to institutionalize itself, but also because within the counter-cultural movement Yvon remains a figure apart, as her texts disturb by their radicalism and their violence. » Marginal author, ranked by Isabelle Boisclair and Catherine Dussault-Frenette in the category of the « naughty girls » who « show themselves rebels […], speak loudly, shout, cry out in rage, […] drink, are not afraid of anything and risk everything. […] Naughty girls [who] speak of sex, and bluntly », Josée Yvon seems at first glance irrecoverable, infrequentable, inadmissible. However, it is precisely this reticent trait of the author and her poetry that is at the heart of the numerous re-readings proposed by contemporary critics and writers. To inherit from Josée Yvon is also – and above all – to inherit her legend, her sulphurous reputation as a « naughty girl ». What about this legend ? What are the themes that keep coming back ? Critics evoke the critical silence around her work, the concealment of her texts and her figure by Denis Vanier, the scandals that hit the headlines, drug abuse, prostitution, AIDS, the violent charge of her work, both in poetic expression and in the choice of recurring themes that cut across certain aspects of her biography. These aspects of the legend, if they are often challenged, put at a distance by critics and writers, are nevertheless the basis of many of the rereadings and staging of Josée Yvon in contemporary texts. In order to give an overview of these rereadings, we will focus on the appearances of the author and her work in a corpus of various texts, reviews, essays, testimonies and fictions published since 2000. Our subject will be articulated around the aporias linked to Yvon’s legacy, even to the contradictions and paradoxes that accompany the appropriation of a work considered impregnable. We observe in the works studied a thematic filiation more than an aesthetical one ; few recent writers who explicitly cite Josée Yvon as an influence have a style or literary universe reminiscent her’s. The multitude of presences in contemporary texts allows us, however, to think of a renewal of the yvonnian legacy, marked by the profusion of tributes and quotations, aesthetics and filiations sometimes unexpected, where it is often the common that prevails over the individual, the plural on the singular, the serial on the unit. Although Yvon’s texts are still experiencing editing problems, most of them not being published, the poet nevertheless imposes herself as a common literary reference, widely shared and even endowed with a certain aura of prestige; although originating from the counter-culture, her texts do not only evolve under the cloak, in illicit circuits. Theses are written or prepared on her work ; newspapesr and scholarly articles are devoted to her ; tribute shows are dedicated to her. The heirs of Yvon are sorting through the legacy, choosing the aspects that still resonate in the present and which can be combined with a discourse of resistance to dominant norms.
-
1470.More information
Since the end of the 1970s a new approach has been used in the study of industrial organization, namely, that of organizational culture. At the same time a cultural approach has been applied to the study of informal social organization among workers. There are some apparent differences between the two approaches, primarily being that organizational culture generally attempts to portray the business firm as a community of interests while the workers′ culture approach attempts to portray the formation of an autonomous culture uniting workers independently of management. There are, however, and as this paper attempts to analyse, significant similarities between the two approaches, the most important being a recurring tendency towards a functionalist definition of culture.