Note that some journals put all the abstracts for an issue into a single resource, rather than placing each with the article to which it belongs. In this case, placing each abstract with the corresponding article is strongly recommended instead of creating a distinct article regrouping only the abstracts of the issue articles.

When an abstract contains the title of the article translated into a language other than the main language of the article, this information must be pulled from the abstract and put into a “paraltitle” element.

example 1

<abstract lang="fr">
    <title>Résumé</title>
    <blocktext>Le développement et la croissance d'une population côtière d'épinette
    blanche (Picea glauca [Moench] Voss) ont été étudiés sur le littoral en émersion du
    détroit de Manitounuk situé sur la côte est de la baie d'Hudson. Cette région subit un
    relèvement glacio-isostatique à un taux des plus élevés au monde (1,2 à 1,5 m/siècle).</blocktext>
</abstract>

example 2

<abstract lang="en">
    <title>Abstract</title>
    <blocktext>Development of a lichen-white spruce stand along the rapidly emerging
    coast of Hudson Bay in subarctic Québec. Population structure and tree growth of a white
    spruce stand (Picea glauca [Moench] Voss) were studied along the emerging coastline of
    Manitounuk Strait on the east coast of Hudson Bay. Isostatic rebound in this
    area is still one of the most rapid in the world (1.2 to 1.5 m/century).</blocktext>
</abstract>

example 1

<ackno>
    <title>Remerciements</title>
    <blocktext>Les authors tiennent à remercier Kate
    Jarrett (BIO) pour l'analyse des propriétés physiques, Louise
    Cournoyer et Maryse Henry (GEOTOP) pour leur aide en laboratoire
    ainsi que Martine Lapointe (GEOTOP) pour ses conseils sur les
    diatomées. Ce projet a bénéficié d'une subvention stratégique du
    Conseil de recherches en sciences naturelles et en génie du
    Canada (CRSNG). Guillaume St-Onge est récipiendaire d'une bourse
    d'études supérieures du CRSNG. Nous remercions également Bernard
    Long (UQAR) pour ses commentaires ainsi que P. Hill (UQAR) pour
    leur évaluation critique.</blocktext>
</ackno>

example 1

<admin>
    <articleinfo>
        <pagination>
            <fpage>2</fpage>
            <lpage>34</lpage>
        </pagination>
    </articleinfo>
    <journal id="nps9">
        <jtitle>Nouvelles Pratiques Sociales</jtitle>
        <jshorttitle>nps</jshorttitle>
        …
    </journal>
    <issue id="nps722">
        <volume>15</volume>
        <issueno>2</issueno>
        …
    </issue>
    <publisher id="ed3">…</publisher>
    <prod id="prod3">…</prod>
    <digprod id="prodnum4">…</digprod>
    <digdist id="diffnum4">…</digdist>
    <paperhistory>…</paperhistory>
    <schema name="Erudit Article" version="3.0.0" lang="en"/>
    <copyright>…</copyright>
</admin>

This element contains information such as position or title within the organization, name of organization, administrative unit, street address, mailing address, telephone, fax, etc.

The email address must be inserted into the “email” element, not in the affiliation.

It is important not to confuse position or title in the organization contained in “affiliation” with degree (ex: Ph.D.) contained in the suffix. Examples of position or title: Professor, Director, Student, etc.

example 1

<affiliation>
    <orgdiv>Département de sociologie</orgdiv>
    <orgname>Université de Montréal</orgname>
    <address>
        <blocktext>C.P. 6128, Succ. Centre-ville</blocktext>
        <blocktext>Montréal (Québec)</blocktext>
        <blocktext>Canada H3C 3J7</blocktext>
    <address>
</affiliation>

example 2

<affiliation>
    <blocktext>CNRS, UMR 8591, 1, place Aristide Briand, 92195 Meudon-Bellevue, France</blocktext>
</affiliation>

example 1

<issue id="">
    <volume numeration="ucaseroman">III</volume>
    <issueno numeration="decimal">1</issueno>
    <aissueno numeration="decimal">7</aissueno> …
</issue>

example 1

<appendix id="an1">
    <section1 id="s1n71">
        <title>…</title>
        <section2 id="s2n35">
            <title>…</title>
            <para id="pa109">…</para>
        </section2>
    </section1>
</appendix>

example 2

<appendix id="an2">
    <section1 id="s1n22">
        <table id="ta3">
            <no>Tableau 3</no>
            <caption lang="fr">
                <blocktext>…</blocktext>
            </caption>
            …
        </table>
    </section1>
</appendix>

example 1

<appendixgr>
    <title>Appendices</title>
    <appendix id="an1">
        <section1 id="s1n71">
            <title>…</title>
            <section2 id="s2n35">
                <title>…</title>
                <para id="pa109">…</para>
            </section2>
        </section1>
    </appendix>
    <appendix id="an2">
        <section1 id="s1n22">
            <table id="ta3">
                <no>Tableau 3</no>
                <caption lang="fr">
                    <blocktext>…</blocktext>
                </caption>
                …
            </table>
        </section1>
    </appendix>
</appendixgr>

This element should only be used if there exist one or more notes, in the appendix, which have a notation separate from the one of the article body. If not, use the “notegr” element.

The number of a note must appear in the “no” element.

This is the root element of the DTD, i.e. the highest-level element.

Indicate whether or not the article is off-topic only if the issue in which the article was published is thematic. If not, drop the “nonthematic” attribute.

example 1

<article idprop="000001ar" lang="en" arttype="note" processingqual="complete" seqord="6">
    …
</article>

example 2

<article idprop=" 008415ar" lang="fr en" arttype="article" processingqual="complete"
nonthematic="yes" seqord="1">
    <admin>…</admin>
    <linkgr>…</linkgr>
    <frontmatter>…</frontmatter>
    <body>…</body>
    <backmatter>…</backmatter>
</article>

example 1

<articleinfo>
    <idpublic scheme="doi">…</idpublic>
    <descriptorgr lang="fr">…</descriptorgr>
    <pagination>…</pagination>
    <nbpage>…</nbpage>
    <nbpara>…</nbpara>
    <nbword>…</nbword>
    <nbfig>…</nbfig>
    <nbtab>…</nbtab>
    <nbeq>…</nbeq>
    <nbmo>…</nbmo>
    <nbimage>…</nbimage>
    <nbaudio>…</nbaudio>
    <nbvideo>…</nbvideo>
    <nbbiblioref>…</nbbiblioref>
    <nbnote>…</nbnote>
</articleinfo>

example 1

<assoceditor aetype="regular" gender="female">
    <persname>
        <firstname>Johanne</firstname>
        <familyname>Laplante</familyname>
    </persname>
</assoceditor>

example 2

<assoceditor aetype="regular" gender="female">
    <position>Rédactrice en chef</position>
    <persname>
        <firstname>Maryse</firstname>
        <familyname>Gagné</familyname>
    </persname>
</assoceditor>

example 3

<assoceditor aetype="guest" gender="male">
    <persname>
        <firstname> Georges</firstname>
        <middlename>L.</middlename>
        <familyname>Bastin</familyname>
    </persname>
</assoceditor>

example 1

<mediaobject float="block">
    <audio id="ad15"/>
</mediaobject>

example 1

<author id="au2"/>
    <contribution>Avec la contribution de</contribution>
    <persname>…</persname>
    <affiliation>…</affiliation>
    <email>…</email>
</author>

example 2

<author id="au1"/>
    <orgname>CSN</orgname>
</author>

example 1

<authorgr>
    <author id="au1">
        <persname>
            <firstname>Luc</firstname>
            <familyname>Grondin</familyname>
        </persname>
    </author>
    <author id="au2">
        <persname>
            <firstname>Michel</firstname>
            <familyname>Plamondon</familyname>
        </persname>
    </author>
    <author id="au3">
        <orgname>Consortium Érudit</orgname>
    </author>
</authorgr>

example 1

<author id="au2"/>
    <contribution>Avec la contribution de</contribution>
    <authority authoritykey="BNF1234567">
        <persname>…</persname>
    </authority>
    <affiliation>…</affiliation>
    <email>…</email>
</author>

example 2

<author id="au1"/>
    <orgname>CSN</orgname>
</author>

example 1

<backmatter>
    <appendixgr>…</appendixgr>
    <ackno>…</ackno>
    <bionotegr>…</bionotegr>
    <bibliogr>…</bibliogr>
    <notegr>…</notegr>
</backmatter>

This element also includes lists of non-print matter such as a discography, videography, etc.

If the article includes several bibliographies, they will be managed in a separate “biblio” element. However, don't confuse the multiple divisions of a unique bibliography with the presence of several distinct bibliographies.

example 1

<biblio>
    <title>Références bibliographiques</title>
    <bibliodiv>
        <title>Livres</title>
        <biblioref id="rb1">…</biblioref>
    </bibliodiv>
    <bibliodiv>
        <title>Autres références</title>
        <biblioref id="rb2">…</biblioref>
    </bibliodiv>
</biblio>

example 2

<biblio>
    <title>Bibliographie</title>
    <bibliodiv>
        <biblioref id="rb1">…</biblioref>
        <biblioref id="rb2">…</biblioref>
    </bibliodiv>
    <bibliodiv>
        <title>Articles</title>
        <biblioref id="rb3">…</biblioref>
        <biblioref id="rb4">…</biblioref>
    </bibliodiv>
</biblio>

It is possible that the first division of a bibliography does not include a title.

If the article includes several bibliographies, they will be managed in a separate “biblio” element. However, don't confuse the multiple divisions of a unique bibliography with the presence of several distinct bibliographies.

example 1

<biblio>
    <title>Références bibliographiques</title>
    <bibliodiv>
    <title>Livres</title>
    <biblioref id="rb1">…</biblioref>
    </bibliodiv>
    <bibliodiv>
    <title>Autres références</title>
    <biblioref id="rb2">…</biblioref>
    </bibliodiv>
</biblio>

example 2

<bibliogr>
    <biblio>
        <title>Bibliographie</title>
        <bibliodiv>
            <biblioref id="rb1">…</biblioref>
            <biblioref id="rb2">…</biblioref>
        </bibliodiv>
        …
    </biblio>
    <biblio>
        <title>Discographie</title>
        <biblioref id="rb3">…</biblioref>
        <biblioref id="rb4">…</biblioref>
    </biblio>
</bibliogr>

example 1

<bibliogr>
    <biblio>
        <title>Bibliographie</title>
        <bibliodiv>
            <biblioref id="rb1">…</biblioref>
            <biblioref id="rb2">…</biblioref>
        </bibliodiv>
        …
    </biblio>
    <biblio>
        <title>Discographie</title>
        <biblioref id="rb3">…</biblioref>
        <biblioref id="rb4">…</biblioref>
    </biblio>
</bibliogr>

example 1

<biblio>
    <title>Bibliographie</title>
    <biblioref id="rb1">
        <blocktext>BARTHES, R. (1982), Le plaisir du texte, Paris, Éd. du Seuil, coll. «Points»,
        108 p.</blocktext>
    </biblioref>
    <biblioref id="rb2">
        <blocktext>VIVIER, C. (1994), Lonely Child, Saint-Nicolas, Québec,
        Doberman-Yppan.</blocktext>
    </biblioref>
</biblio>

If the article title consists of more than one bibliographic reference, each goes into a separate “biblioreft” element.

All strings in the same bibliographic reference must be assembled into one string within a single “biblioreft” element, with each string separated by a comma, even if they originally appear in several separate parts (e.g. reference title on one line, followed by rest of reference on another line). In this case, the isolating of the reference title that served to set it apart must be replaced by italic marking.

The title of a review-type article might not be a bibliographic reference, in which case the “title” element should be used in place of “biblioreft”.

Keep the final punctuation.

example 1

<titlegr>
    <biblioreft><highlight hlighttype="uppercase">Hermans</highlight> Theo
    (1999): <highlight hlighttype="italic">Translation in Systems. Descriptive and
    System-Oriented Approaches Explained </highlight>, Manchester, St. Jerome Publishing,
    195 p.</biblioreft>
</titlegr>

example 2

<titlegr>
    <issuesect>Débat</issuesect>
    <title>D’un nécessaire passage du témoin</title>
    <biblioreft><highlight hlighttype="smallcap">Bornand</highlight>, Marie,
    <highlight hlighttype="italic">Témoignage et fiction. Les récits de rescapés dans
    la littérature de langue française (1945-2000)</highlight>, Genève, Librairie Droz,
    2004.</biblioreft>
</titlegr>

example 1

<bionotegr>
    <title>Notes biographiques</title>
    <bionote id="nb1" idrefs="au1">
        <persname>…</persname>
        <blocktext>…</blocktext>
    </bionote>
    <bionote id="nb2" idrefs="au2">…</bionote>
    <bionote id="nb3" idrefs="au3">…</bionote>
</bionotegr>

example 1

<bionotegr>
    <title>Notes biographiques</title>
    <bionote id="nb1" idrefs="au1">…</bionote>
    <bionote id="nb2" idrefs="au2">…</bionote>
    <bionote id="nb3" idrefs="au3">…</bionote>
</bionotegr>

example 1

<blockquote>
    <verbatim verbtype="poem">
        <block halign="center">
            <line>Un bruit de soie plus lisse que le vent</line>
            <line>Passage de la lumière sur un paysage d'eau.</line>
        </block>
        <block>
            <line>L'éclat de midi efface ta forme devant moi</line>
            <line>Tu trembles et luis comme un miroir</line>
            <line>Tu m'offres le soleil à boire</line>
            <vspace dim="2em"/>
            <line><hspace dim="8ex"/>À même ton visage absent.</line>
        </block>
        <block>
            <line>Trop de lumière empêche de voir;</line>
            <line><hspace dim="18ex"/>l'un et l'autre torche blanche,</line>
            <line><hspace dim="36ex"/>grand vide de midi</line>
            <line>Se cherche à travers le feu et l'eau</line>
            <line><hspace dim="30ex"/>fumée.</line>
        </block>
    </verbatim>
    <source>…</source>
</blockquote>

example 2

<verbatim verbtype="program">
    <block>
        <line>if (!$commande) {</line>
        <line><hspace dim="4ex"/>&init;</line>
        <line>}</line>
        <line>elsif ($commande eq "l1") {</line>
        <line><hspace dim="4ex"/>&lire;</line>
        <line>}</line>
        <line>elsif ($commande eq "e1") {</line>
        <line><hspace dim="4ex"/>&editer;</line>
        <line>}</line>
        <line>elsif ($commande eq "m1") {</line>
        <line><hspace dim="4ex"/>&modifier;</line>
        <line>}</line>
        <line>else {</line>
        <line><hspace dim="4ex"/>&erreur("Paramètres invalides");</line>
        <line>}</line>
    </block>
</verbatim>

example 1

<section1 id="s1n1">
    <para id="pa1">
        <blocktext>…</blocktext>
        <blockquote>
            <blocktext>Ceci est un bloc de citation dont la lecture est très intéressante,
            j’en conviens.</blocktext>
            <source>Charles Roy, <reference id="re1rb13" idref="rb13" reftype="biblioref">
            2001</reference>, p.12</source>
        </blockquote>
    </para>
    <para id="pa2">…</para>
</section1>

example 2

<section1 id="s1n4">
    <para id="pa21">
        <blocktext>Le problème est exposé par Charles Roy (<reference id="re2rb13" idref="rb13"
        reftype="biblioref">2001</reference> ,p.12) de façon telle que</blocktext>
        <blockquote>
            <blocktext>cette citation est toujours aussi intéressante à lire.</blocktext>
        </blockquote>
    </para>
</section1>

Although a block of text is permitted outside a paragraph, its use in this context must be restricted to articles for which no paragraph numbering is needed, because inappropriate for the content (e.g. a play, a list of works received).

example 1

<para id="pa63">
    <blocktext>Deux accusés qui devaient comparaître mercredi matin se sont échappés
    du fourgon cellulaire en marche qui transportait 22 détenus au Palais de justice de Montréal.</blocktext>
    <ordlist numeration="decimal">…</ordlist>
</para>

example 2

<blockquote>
    <blocktext>Ceci est un bloc de citation dont la lecture est très intéressante, j’en conviens.</blocktext>
    <source>Charles Roy, <reference id="re1rb13" idref="rb13" reftype="biblioref"> 2001 </reference>,
    p12</source>
</blockquote>

The “lang” attribute can be used when the article is available in several languages and that you wish to manage the various versions of the article in only one XML file, with multiple “body” elements.

example 1

<article idprop="" lang="fr" arttype="article" processingqual="complete">
    <admin>…</admin>
    <linkgr>…</linkgr>
    <frontmatter>…</frontmatter>
    <body>
        <dedication>…</dedication>
        <epigraph>
            <blocktext>…</blocktext>
        </epigraph>
        <section1 id="s1n1">
            <title>…</title>
            <para id="pa1">…</para>
        </section1>
    </body>
    <backmatter>…</backmatter>
</article>

example 2

<article idprop="" lang="fr" arttype="article" processingqual="minimal" seqord="1">
    <admin>…</admin>
    <frontmatter>…</frontmatter>
    <body lang="en">
        <text>…</text>
    </body>
    <body lang="fr">
        <text>…</text>
    </body>
</article>

example 1

<para id="pa63">
    <blocktext>< bookmark>27</bookmark> Deux accusés qui devaient comparaître
    mercredi matin se sont échappés du fourgon cellulaire en marche qui transportait 22 détenus au
    Palais de justice de Montréal.</blocktext>
    <ordlist numeration="decimal">…</ordlist>
</para>

example 1

<box type="1">
    <no>Encadré 3</no>
    <caption lang="fr">
        <title>Syndrome du QT long</title>
    </caption>
    <section1>
        <blocktext>Le phénotype du syndrome du QT long congénital est caractérisé par un espace QT anormalement
        long à l’ECG. La découverte de la maladie concerne souvent des sujets jeunes. Il existe une
        prédominance féminine, qui a été retrouvée dans le registre international et dans plusieurs études
        cliniques où le critère de diagnostic était purement électrocardiographique. Cette prédominance
        féminine pourrait s’expliquer par le fait que les femmes ont physiologiquement un espace QT plus
        long que celui des hommes. Les sujets atteints ont une bradycardie sinusale relative. Le problème 
        cardies ventriculaires polymorphes paroxystiques, entrecoupées de retour en rythme sinusal, ayant
        toutes les caractéristiques des torsades de pointes. Les syncopes apparaissent habituellement dans
        des situations de stress, surtout lors d’une émotion mais peuvent aussi apparaître au repos</blocktext>
        <figure id="fi2">…</figure>
    </section1>
    <source><simplelink xlink:href="http://www.ifr26.nantes.inserm.fr/">
    http://www.ifr26.nantes.inserm.fr/</simplelink></source>
</box>

The element is used only to represent the subdivision of an idea into multiple boxes, e.g. Box 1a, Box 1b and Box 1c grouped under Box 1.

Sets of boxes, when appearing within a paragraph, should be relocated at the end of that paragraph.

example 1

<boxgr id="gn1">
    <no>Encadré 1</no>
    <box id="en1">
        <no>a</no>
        <caption lang="fr">…</caption>
        <section1>…</section1>
        <boxnote id="nn1">…</boxnote>
    </box>
    <box id="en2">
        <no>b</no>
        <caption lang="fr">…</caption>
        <section1>…</section1>
        <boxnote id="nn2">…</boxnote>
    </box>
    <source>…</source>
</boxgr>

example 1

<box>
    <no>Encadré 1</no>
    <section1>
        <para>
            <blocktext><highlight hlighttype="bold">Les ADN hélicases RecQ</highlight>
            ont été nommées ainsi par référence à l’hélicase bactérienne (<highlight
            hlighttype="italic">E. coli</highlight>) RecQ, qui est impliquée à la fois dans la
            voie de recombinaison homologue RecF et dans la suppression de la recombinaison
             illégitime. </blocktext>
            <blocktext> Chez l’homme, cinq hélicases de type RecQ ont été identifiées à ce jour, dont
            trois sont défectueuses dans des syndromes associant instabilité génétique et prédisposition
            au cancer <reference id="re1nn1" idref="nn1" reftype="boxnote">1</reference>. Ces syndromes
            sont le syndrome de Werner (RecQL2), le syndrome de Bloom (RecQL3) et certains cas de syndrome
            de Rothmund-Thomson (RecQL4) .</blocktext>
        </para>
    <section1>
    <boxnote id="nn1">
        <no>1</no>
        <blocktext>…</blocktext>
    </boxnote>
</box>

There should be only one “caption” element in the same language for the same box, example, equation, figure, object or table.

The title and subtitle, generally marked, should appear inside the “title” and “subtitle” elements that are sub-elements of the “caption” element, while the rest of the information related to the caption should appear in one or more “blocktext” elements that are also sub-elements of the “caption” element.

example 1

<figure id="fi3">
    <no>Figure 2</no>
    <caption lang="en">
        <title>…</title>
        <subtitle>…</subtitle>
        <blocktext>Geologists who investigated glaciation in the White Mountains during the
        period 1840-1940.</blocktext>
    </caption>
    <caption lang="fr">
        <title>…</title>
        <subtitle>…</subtitle>
        <blocktext>Les géologues qui ont étudié la glaciation dans les White Mountains de
        1840 à 1940.</blocktext>
    </caption>
    <mediaobject float="block">
        <image id="im11"  imagetype="figure"/>
    </mediaobject>
</figure>

This element should be used if a special mention comes before the author’s (or guest editor's) name in the print version of the article.

This element could have no textual contents since the contribution's identification could consist only in the use of the “contribtype” and “contriblevel” attribute values.

example 1

<author id="au2">
    <contribution contriblevel="secondary">En collaboration avec</contribution>
    <persname>
        <firstname>Jasmine</firstname>
        <familyname>Tursi</familyname>
    </persname>
</author>

example 2

<author id="au4">
    <contribution contribtype="trl">Traduction de</contribution>
    <persname>
        <firstname>Jean-François</firstname>
        <familyname>Tremblay</familyname>
    </persname>
</author>

Generally, the publisher and copyright holder are the same organization.

example 1

<copyright>Tous droits réservés ©<orgname>Fédération des travailleurs autonomes
du Québec</orgname>, 2001</copyright>

example 2

<copyright>
    <statement>Tous droits réservés</statement>
    <year>2001</year>
    <orgname>Fédération des travailleurs autonomes du Québec</orgname>
</copyright>

example 3

<copyright>
    <statement>Tous droits réservés © Association des analystes retraités et
    Isabelle Levasseur, 2003</statement>
    <year>2003</year>
    <orgname>Association des analystes retraités</orgname>
    <persname>
        <firstname>Isabelle</firstname>
        <familyname>Levasseur</familyname>
    </persname>
</copyright>

example 1

<body>
    <dedication>À mon ami Robert</dedication>
    <section1 id="s1n1">…</section1>
</body>

example 1

<descriptorgr lang="en" scheme="The Astronomy Thesaurus (International
Astronomical Union)">
    <descripteur>Cosmology</descriptor>
    <descripteur>Astrometry</descriptor>
    <descripteur>Astrophysics</descriptor>
</descriptorgr>

All descriptors of the same language must be placed in a single “descriptorgr” element.

Each descriptor must be placed in a distinct “descriptor” element.

example 1

<descriptorgr lang="fr" scheme="Classification de la recherche universitaire
(Expertise recherche Québec)">
    <descriptor desctype="champdisciplinaire" level="main">Sciences
    humaines</descriptor>
    <facet facettype="dimension">Discipline</facet>
    <descriptor desctype="champdisciplinaire" level="secondary">Sciences
    sociales</descriptor>
    <facet facettype="dimension">Discipline</facet>
    <descriptor desctype="domaine">Développement et fonctionnement des
    personnes et des communautés,
    et vie sociale</descriptor>
    <facet facettype="dimension">Objet de recherche</facet>
</descriptorgr>

example 2

<descriptorgr lang="en" scheme="The Astronomy Thesaurus (International
Astronomical Union)">
    <descripteur>Cosmology</descriptor>
    <descripteur>Astrometry</descriptor>
    <descripteur>Astrophysics</descriptor>
</descriptorgr>

example 1

<digdist id="">
    <orgname>Érudit</orgname>
<digdist>

example 1

<digprod>
    <orgname>HighWire Press</orgname>
</digprod>

example 1

<digpub>
    <date datetype="publication">2001-01-28</date>
</digpub>

example 2

<digpub>
    <date datetype="validation">1997-09-15</date>
    <date datetype="publication">1997-09-22</date>
    <date datetype="publication2">1998-04-06</date>
</digpub>

example 1

<editor>
    <position>Directrice adjointe</position>
    <persname>
        <firstname>Mélanie</firstname>
        <familyname>Lecourbe</familyname>
    </persname>
</editor>

A “simplelink” element must always appear inside an email.

If the author has more than one email address, each belongs in a separate “email” element.

example 1

<author id="au2">
    <persname>…</persname>
    <affiliation>…</affiliation>
    <email><simplelink xlink:type="simple" xlink:href="mailto:toto.leclown@cirque.org"
    xlink:show ="none" xlink:actuate="onRequest">toto.leclown@cirque.org</simplelink></email>
</author>

The “epigraph” element is found right at the beginning of the body of the article, before the first-level first section, or at the beginning of any section level.

If the epigraph is formatted as a blockquote, the “blockquote” element should only be used if the contents of the blockquote are referred to in the subsequent text. Otherwise, use an “epigraph” element even if this means the original format will not be maintained.

If the epigraph is a poem, a “verbatim” element should be placed inside the “epigraph” element.

If there are several epigraphs, put each one in a separate “epigraph” element.

Since an epigraph is, by definition, a quotation, no “blockquote” element should be put inside the “epigraph” element.

example 1

<epigraph>
    <verbatim>…</verbatim>
    <source><reference id="re1rb3" idref="rb3" reftype="biblioref">…</reference></source>
</epigraph>

example 1

<equation id="eq3">
    <no>Équation 3</no>
    <caption lang="fr">
        <blocktext>…</blocktext>
    </caption>
    <mediaobject float="block">
        <image id="im1" imagetype="equation" xlink:type="simple" xlink:show="embed"
        xlink:actuate="onLoad" xlink:href="equation.jpg" xlink:title="Image de l’équation 1"
        dimx="200" dimy="40" desc="Équation numérisée à partir du papier" />
    </mediaobject>
    <eqnote id="ne1">
        <no>*</no>
        <blocktext>Ce résultat provient d’un calcul effectué en 1998.</blocktext>
    </eqnote>
</equation>

Note that the equation can take the form of an image (“mediaobject”) or a text (e.g. “blocktext”).

An equation must contain only “image”-type media objects, even if the “mediaobject” element’s content model also includes “audio” and “video” elements.

The content of the “no” sub-element should be entered as it appears in the article while retaining the same punctuation as in the original article. It involves mentioning the type of object, as well as its number, such as: (1), [34], etc.

Equations, which generally appear inside a paragraph, must remain inside the paragraph.

Note that the caption of an equation often begins with a “where” string and usually comes after the equation itself.

example 1

<equation id="eq1">
    <no>Équation 1</no>
    <caption lang="fr">…</caption>
    <mediaobject float="block">
        <image id="im2" imagetype="equation" xlink:type="simple" xlink:href="equation1.jpg"
        xlink:show="embed" xlink:actuate="onLoad" xlink:title="Image de l’équation 1" dimx="200"
        dimy="40" desc="équation numérisée à partir du papier" />
    </mediaobject>
    <eqnote id="ne1">…</eqnote>
    <source>…</source>
</equation>

example 2

equation id="eq1">
    <no>Équation 1</no>
    <caption lang="fr">…</caption>
    <blocktext>…</blocktext>
    <eqnote id="ne1">…</eqnote>
    <source>…</source>
</equation>

The element is used only to represent the subdivision of an idea into multiple equations, e.g. Equations 1a, 1b and 1c grouped under Equation 1.

The set of equations, which generally appears inside a paragraph, must remain inside the paragraph.

example 1

<equationgr id="ge1">
    <no>Équation 1</no>
    <equation id="eq1">
        <no>Équation 1a</no>
        <caption lang="fr">…</caption>
        <mediaobject float="block">
            <image id="im2" imagetype="equation" xlink:type="simple" xlink:href="equation1a.jpg"
            xlink:show="embed" xlink:actuate="onLoad" xlink:title="Image de l’équation 1" dimx="200"
            dimy="40" desc="équation numérisée à partir du papier"/>
        </mediaobject>
    <eqnote id="ne1">…</eqnote>
    </equation>
    <equation id="eq2">
        <no>Équation 1b</no>
        <caption lang="fr">…</caption>
        <mediaobject float="block">
            <image id="im3" imagetype="equation"  xlink:type="simple" xlink:href="equation1b.jpg"
            xlink:show="embed" xlink:actuate="onLoad" xlink:title="Image de l’équation 1" dimx="200"
            dimy="40" desc="équation numérisée à partir du papier"/>
        </mediaobject>
        <eqnote id="ne2">…</eqnote>
    </equation>
    <source>…</source>
</equationgr>

example 1

<erratum xlink:href="/revue/cqd/2002/v31/n2/000671ar.html" xlink:show="replace"
xlink:actuate="onRequest" xlink:title="Afficher l’erratum relatif à cet article"/>

Use of the word “example” in the text of an article does not necessarily mean a block of information has to be tagged in an “example” element. The use of “example” should be limited to one or more of the following cases: (1) Example with unique numeration; (2) Example with a legend, notes and/or source; (3) Presence of a full-size image that must be displayed for semantic reasons when loading the article, and not in the form of a thumbnail, and that is not inside a box, a table cell, a relation list or an equation.

Note that the example generally takes the form of text (e.g. “blocktext”, “tabtext” but can also be in the form of an image (“objetmedia”).

An example whose entire content consists of a quotation must not have its content tagged in a “blockquote” element. Instead, tag it all in simple sentence elements and add the source in a “source” element child of the “example” element.

The content of the “no” sub-element must be entered as it appears in the article, with or without initial or final punctuation. It consists of the mention of the type of object and its number, such as Example 1, 1, Ex. 1, etc.

Examples, which generally appear inside a paragraph, must remain inside the paragraph.

example 1

<example id="ex5">
    <no>Exemple 3</no>
    <caption lang="fr">…</caption>
    <mediaobject float="block">
        <image id="im2" imagetype="example" xlink:type="simple" xlink:href="exemple3.jpg"
        xlink:show="embed" xlink:actuate="onLoad" xlink:title="Image de l’exemple 3" dimx="200"
        dimy="40" desc="exemple numérisée à partir du papier"/>
    </mediaobject>
    <exnote id="nx1">…</exnote>
    <source>…</source>
</example>

example 2

<example id="ex12">
    <no>Exemple9</no>
    <blocktext>…</blocktext>
</example>

The element is used only to represent the subdivision of an idea into multiple examples, e.g. Examples 1a, 1b and 1c grouped under Exemple 1.

The set of examples, which generally appears inside a paragraph, must remain inside the paragraph.

example 1

<examplegr id="gx1">
    <no>1</no>
    <example id="ex1">
        <no>a</no>
        <caption lang="fr">…</caption>
        <blocktext></blocktext>
        <exnote id="nx1">…</exnote>
    </example>
    <example id="ex2">
        <no>b</no>
        <caption lang="fr">…</caption>
        <blocktext>…</blocktext>
        <exnote id="nx2">…</exnote>
    </example>
    <source>…</source>
</examplegr>

example 1

<example id="ex1">
    <no>Ex. 1</no>
    <caption lang="fr">
        <blocktext>…</blocktext>
    </caption>
    <relationlist type="1">…</relationlist>
    <exnote id="nx1">
        <no>*</no>
        <blocktext>…</blocktext>
    </exnote>
</example>

example 1

<descriptorgr lang="fr" scheme="Classification de la recherche universitaire
(Expertise recherche Québec)">
    <descriptor desctype="champdisciplinaire" level="main">Sciences
    humaines</descriptor>
    <facet facettype="dimension">Discipline</facet>
    <descriptor desctype="champdisciplinaire" level="secondary">Sciences
    sociales</descriptor>
    <facet facettype="dimension">Discipline</facet>
    <descriptor desctype="domaine">Développement et fonctionnement des
    personnes et des communautés,
    et vie sociale</descriptor>
    <facet facettype="dimension">Objet de recherche</facet>
</descriptorgr>

example 1

<familyname>De Billy</familyname>

example 2

<familyname>Champagne-Tremblay</familyname>

example 1

<figure id="fi1">
    <no>Fig. 1</no>
    <caption lang="fr">
        <blocktext>Comparaison entre les différentes races de babouins en Afrique.</blocktext>
    </caption>
    <mediaobject float="block">
        <image id="im1" imagetype="figure" />
    </mediaobject>
    <fignote id="nf1">
        <no>c</no>
        <blocktext>Notez que la couleur du poil du babouin, d’un roux éclatant, n’est pas due
        à une exposition prolongée au soleil.</blocktext>
    </fignote>
</figure>

Note that the figure can only be in the form of an image (“mediaobject”).

A figure must contain only “image”-type media objects, even if the content model of the “mediaobject” element includes “audio” and “video” elements.

The content of the “no” sub-element must be entered as it appears in the article, with or without initial or final punctuation. It consists of a mention of the type of object and its number, such as: (ex : Figure 1, Fig. 1, Map 1, Photo 1, Diagram 1, Graph 1, etc.)

Generally speaking, figures referenced in a paragraph should be presented after that paragraph.

Use the “figure” element only to tag objects that correspond semantically to figures and not tables (“table”) or boxes (“box”) that might mistakenly contain numbering with the word “figure”.

example 1

<figure id="fi3">
    <no>Fig. 2</no>
    <caption lang="fr">
        <blocktext>Comparaison entre les races de babouins en Afrique.</blocktext>
    </caption>
    <mediaobject float="block">
        <image id="im7" imagetype="figure" />
    </mediaobject>
    <fignote id="nf1">…</fignote>
    <source>…</source>
</figure>

The element is used only to represent the subdivision of an idea into multiple figures, e.g. Fig. 3a, 3b, 3c and 3d grouped under Figure 3.

Sets of figures appearing within a paragraph should be relocated at the end of that paragraph.

example 1

<figuregr id="gf1">
    <no>Figure 3</no>
    <figure id="fi3">
        <no>Fig. 3a</no>
        <caption lang="fr">
            <blocktext>…</blocktext>
        </caption>
        <mediaobject float="block">
            <image id="im7" imagetype="figure" />
        </mediaobject>
    </figure>
    <figure id="fi4">
        <no>Fig. 3b</no>
        <caption lang="fr">
            <blocktext>…</blocktext>
        </caption>
        <mediaobject float="block">
            <image id="im8" imagetype="figure" />
        </mediaobject>
        <fignote id="nf3">…</fignote>
    </figure>
    <figure id="fi5">
        <no>Fig. 3c</no>
        <caption lang="fr">
            <blocktext>…</blocktext>
        </caption>
        <mediaobject float="block">
            <image id="im9" imagetype="figure" />
        </mediaobject>
        <fignote id="nf4">…</fignote>
    </figure>
    <source>…</source>
</figuregr>

Initials, second names, nicknames or any other parts of the name coming between the first and family name go into a single “middlename” element.

If it is a pseudonym, or any other person's name comprising only one character string, it is recommended to integrate it into the “firstname”element.

example 1

<persname>
    <firstname>Wolfgang</firstname>
    <middlename>Amadeus</middlename>
    <familyname>Mozart</familyname>
</persname>

example 2

<persname persnametype="pseudonym">
    <firstname>Pink</firstname>
</persname>

example 1

<pagination>
    <fpage>92</fpage>
    <lpage>115</lpage>
</pagination>

example 1

<frontmatter>
    <erratum xlink:href="" xlink:show="replace" xlink:actuate="onRequest"/>
    <titlegr>…</titlegr>
    <authorgr>…</authorgr>
    <gennote gnotetype="edito">…</gennote>
    <abstract lang="fr">…</abstract>
    <abstract lang="en">…</abstract>
    <keywordgr lang="fr">…</keywordgr>
    <keywordgr lang="en">…</keywordgr>
</frontmatter>

example 1

<gennote gnotetype="edito">
    <title>NDLR</title>
    <blocktext>…</blocktext>
    <author>
        <persname>…</persname>
    </author>
</gennote>

example 1

<para id="pa18">
    <blocktext> Nous allons parler du livre de J.R.R. Tolkien qui porte le nom suivant :
    <highlight hlighttype="italic">The Lord Of The Rings</highlight> ou, en français,
    <highlight hlighttype="italic">Le seigneur des anneaux</highlight>. </blocktext>
</para>

example 1

<blockquote>
    <verbatim verbtype="poem">
        <block halign="center">
            <line>Un bruit de soie plus lisse que le vent</line>
            <line>Passage de la lumière sur un paysage d'eau.</line>
        </block>
        <block>
            <line>L'éclat de midi efface ta forme devant moi</line>
            <line>Tu trembles et luis comme un miroir</line>
            <line>Tu m'offres le soleil à boire</line>
            <vspace dim="2em"/>
            <line><hspace dim="8ex"/>À même ton visage absent.</line>
        </block>
        <block>
            <line>Trop de lumière empêche de voir;</line>
            <line><hspace dim="18ex"/>l'un et l'autre torche blanche,</line>
            <line><hspace dim="36ex"/>grand vide de midi</line>
            <line>Se cherche à travers le feu et l'eau</line>
            <line><hspace dim="30ex"/>fumée.</line>
        </block>
    </verbatim>
    <source>…</source>
</blockquote>

example 2

<verbatim verbtype="program">
    <block>
        <line>if (!$commande) {</line>
        <line><hspace dim="4ex"/>&init;</line>
        <line>}</line>
        <line>elsif ($commande eq "l1") {</line>
        <line><hspace dim="4ex"/>&lire;</line>
        <line>}</line>
        <line>elsif ($commande eq "e1") {</line>
        <line><hspace dim="4ex"/>&editer;</line>
        <line>}</line>
        <line>elsif ($commande eq "m1") {</line>
        <line><hspace dim="4ex"/>&modifier;</line>
        <line>}</line>
        <line>else {</line>
        <line><hspace dim="4ex"/>&erreur("Paramètres invalides");</line>
        <line>}</line>
    </block>
</verbatim>

example 1

<iddigisbn>2-7606-2107-7</iddigisbn>

example 1

<iddigisbn13>978-2-7606-2107-3</iddigisbn13>

example 1

<iddigissn>8632-1234</iddigissn>

example 1

<idisbn>2-7606-2107-7</idisbn>

example 1

<idisbn13>978-2-7606-2107-3</idisbn13>

example 1

<idissn>4829-0298</idissn>

example 1

<idpublic scheme="uri">…</idpublic>

example 2

<idpublic scheme="doi">…</idpublic>

The XLink attributes, dimensions and description are specified only when there is no reference to the image in the “linkgr” group (see examples 2 and 3 below).

Group together only decorative and/or presentational illustrations in a distinct resource when there is an obvious link between an artist and the journal (e.g. Circuit). Otherwise, we strongly recommend not to keep the decorative images.

example 1

<mediaobject float="inline">
    <image  id="im15" imagetype="equation" xlink:href="equation.jpg"
    xlink:title="Image de l’équation 1" dimx="200" dimy="40"
    desc="équation numérisée à partir du papier" />
</mediaobject>

example 2

<mediaobject float="block">
    <image id="im22" imagetype="figure" xlink:href="a001im022n.jpg"
    xlink:title="fig.1" dimx="320" dimy="640" desc="Image saisie"/>
</mediaobject>

example 3

<!—lorsqu’il y a plusieurs manifestations de l’image et que
les informations sur chacune d’elles se trouvent dans le “grlien” -->
<mediaobject float="block">
    <image id="im22" imagetype="figure" />
</mediaobject>

example 1

<issue id="">
    <volume>…</volume>
    <issueno>…</issueno>
    <aissueno>…<aissueno>
    <pub>…</pub>
    <digpub>…</digpub>
    <themegr>…</themegr>
    <idisbn>…</idisbn>
    <iddigisbn>…</iddigisbn>
    <idisbn13>…</idisbn13>
    <iddigisbn13>…</iddigisbn13>
    <gennote gnotetype="edito">…</gennote>
</issue>

example 2

<issue id="">
    <volume>5</volume>
    <issueno>2</issueno>
    <issueno>3</issueno>
    …
</issue>

example 3

<issue id="">
    <issueno>83</issueno>
    …
</issue>

example 1

<issue id="">
    <volume>32</volume>
    <issueno>3</issueno>
    …
</issue>

example 2

<issue id="">
    <volume>5</volume>
    <issueno>2</issueno>
    <issueno>3</issueno> 
    …
</issue>

example 3

<issue id="">
    <issueno>83</issueno> 
    …
</issue>

example 1

<titlegr>
    <issuesect>Bloc-notes</issuesect>
    …
</titlegr>

example 2

<titlegr>
    <issuesect>Comptes rendus</issuesect>
    <paralissuesect lang="en">Reviews</paralissuesect> 
    …
</titlegr>

example 1

<titlegr>
    <issuesect>Chroniques</issuesect>
    <issuesect2>Poésie</issuesect2>
    …
</titlegr>

example 1

<titlegr>
    <issuesect>Comptes rendus</issuesect>
    <issuesect2>Régionalisme et régions</issuesect2>
    <issuesect3>Moyen-Orient</issuesect3>
    … 
</titlegr>

example 1

<journal id="" lang="fr">
    <jtitle>…</jtitle>
    <jsubtitle>…</jsubtitle>
    <jparaltitle lang="en">…</jparaltitle>
    <jparalsubtitle lang="en">…</jparalsubtitle>
    <jshorttitle>…</jshorttitle>
    <descriptorgr lang="fr">…</descriptorgr>
    <idissn>…</idissn>
    <iddigissn>…</iddigissn>
    <editor>…</editor>
    <assoceditor>…</assoceditor>
</journal>

example 1

<jtitle>Relations industrielles</jtitle>
<jparaltitle lang="en">Industrial Relations</jparaltitle>
<jshorttitle>RI</jshorttitle>
<jparalshorttitle lang="en">IR</jparalshorttitle>

example 2

<jtitle>Journal of the Canadian Historical Association</jtitle>
<jparaltitle lang="fr">Revue de la Société historique du Canada</jparaltitle>
<jshorttitle>JCHA</jshorttitle>
<jparalshorttitle lang="fr">RSHC</jparalshorttitle>

example 1

<journal id="" lang="en">
    <jtitle>Intersections</jtitle>
    <jsubtitle>Canadian Journal of Music</jsubtitle>
    <jparaltitle lang="fr">Intersections</jparaltitle>
    <jparalsubtitle lang="fr">revue canadienne de musique</jparalsubtitle>
</journal>

example 1

<jtitle>Relations industrielles</jtitle>
<jparaltitle lang="en">Industrial Relations</jparaltitle>

example 2

<jtitle>Loisir et société</jtitle>
<jparaltitle lang="en">Society and Leisure</jparaltitle>

example 1

<jtitle>Santé mentale au Québec</jtitle>
<jshorttitle>SMQ</jshorttitle>

example 2

<jtitle>Lien social et Politiques</jtitle>
<jshorttitle>LSP</jshorttitle>

example 1

<journal id="" lang="fr">
    <jtitle>Meta</jtitle>
    <jsubtitle>journal des traducteurs</jsubtitle>
    <jparaltitle lang="en">Meta</jparaltitle>
    <jparalsubtitle lang="en">Translator’s Journal</jparalsubtitle>
</journal>

example 1

<jtitle>Meta</jtitle>

example 2

<jtitle>Santé mentale au Québec</jtitle>

example 1

<keywordgr lang="fr">
    <title>Mots-clés</title>
    <keyword>xml</keyword>
    <keyword>internet</keyword>
    <keyword>commerce électronique</keyword>
</keywordgr>

It is recommended to place all the keywords in the same language in a single “keywordgr” element.

Each keyword must be placed in a separate “keyword” element.

example 1

<keywordgr lang="fr">
    <title>Mots-clés</title>
    <keyword>arbre</keyword>
    <keyword>nature</keyword>
    <keyword>érable</keyword>
</keywordgr>
<keywordgr lang="en">
    <title>Keywords</title>
    <keyword>tree</keyword>
    <keyword>nature</keyword>
    <keyword>maple</keyword>
</keywordgr>

example 1

<blockquote>
    <verbatim verbtype="poem">
        <block halign="center">
            <line>Un bruit de soie plus lisse que le vent</line>
            <line>Passage de la lumière sur un paysage d'eau.</line>
        </block>
        <block>
            <line>L'éclat de midi efface ta forme devant moi</line>
            <line>Tu trembles et luis comme un miroir</line>
            <line>Tu m'offres le soleil à boire</line>
            <vspace dim="2em"/>
            <line><hspace dim="8ex"/>À même ton visage absent.</line>
        </block>
        <block>
            <line>Trop de lumière empêche de voir;</line>
            <line><hspace dim="18ex"/>l'un et l'autre torche blanche,</line>
            <line><hspace dim="36ex"/>grand vide de midi</line>
            <line>Se cherche à travers le feu et l'eau</line>
            <line><hspace dim="30ex"/>fumée.</line>
        </block>
    </verbatim>
    <source>…</source>
</blockquote>

example 2

<verbatim verbtype="program">
    <block>
        <line>if (!$commande) {</line>
        <line><hspace dim="4ex"/>&init;</line>
        <line>}</line>
        <line>elsif ($commande eq "l1") {</line>
        <line><hspace dim="4ex"/>&lire;</line>
        <line>}</line>
        <line>elsif ($commande eq "e1") {</line>
        <line><hspace dim="4ex"/>&editer;</line>
        <line>}</line>
        <line>elsif ($commande eq "m1") {</line>
        <line><hspace dim="4ex"/>&modifier;</line>
        <line>}</line>
        <line>else {</line>
        <line><hspace dim="4ex"/>&erreur("Paramètres invalides");</line>
        <line>}</line>
    </block>
</verbatim>

example 1

<!-- Exemple avec valeurs d’attributs par défaut -->
<linkgr>
    <!-- Notes -->
    <!-- no1 -->
    <pointer xlink:href="#re1no1" xlink:label="re1no1" xlink:title="Appel de note 1" />
    <pointer xlink:href="#no1" xlink:label="no1" xlink:title="Note 1" />
    <link xlink:type="arc" xlink:from="re1no1" xlink:to="no1" xlink:title="Afficher la note 1" />
    <link xlink:type="arc" xlink:from="no1" xlink:to="re1no1" xlink:title="Retour à l’appel de note 1
    dans le texte" />
</linkgr>

example 1

<linkgr>
    <!-- Notes -->
    <!-- no1 -->
    <pointer xlink:href="#re1no1" xlink:label="re1no1" /> 
    <pointer xlink:href="#no1" xlink:label="no1" />
    <link xlink:type="arc" xlink:from="re1no1" xlink:to="no1" />
    <link xlink:type="arc" xlink:from="no1" xlink:to="re1no1" />
    <!-- no2 -->
    <pointer xlink:href="#re1no2" xlink:label="re1no2" />
    <pointer xlink:href="#no2" xlink:label="no2" />
    <link xlink:type="arc" xlink:from="re1no2" xlink:to="no2"/>
    <link xlink:type="arc" xlink:from="no2" xlink:to="re1no2" />
    <!-- Références bibliographiques -->
    <!—rb1 -->
    <pointer xlink:href="#rb1" xlink:label="rb1" />
    <pointer xlink:href="#re1rb1" xlink:label="re1rb1"/>
    <link xlink:type="arc" xlink:from="re1rb1" xlink:to="rb1" />
    <link xlink:type="arc" xlink:from="rb1" xlink:to="re1rb1" />
    <pointer xlink:href="#re2_rb1" xlink:label="re2rb1" />
    <link xlink:type="arc" xlink:from="re2rb1" xlink:to="rb1"/>
    <link xlink:type="arc" xlink:from="rb2" xlink:to="re2rb2" />
    <!—rb2 -->
    <pointer xlink:href="#re1rb2" xlink:label="rb2"/>
    <pointer xlink:href="#re1rb2" xlink:label="re1rb2" />
    <link xlink:type="arc" xlink:from="re1rb2" xlink:to="rb2" />
    <link xlink:type="arc" xlink:from="rb2" xlink:to="re1rb2" />
    <!-- Renvois -->
    <!-- fi1 -->
    <pointer xlink:href="#fi1" xlink:label="fi1" />
    <pointer xlink:href="#re1fi1" xlink:label="rr1fi1"/>
    <link xlink:type="arc" xlink:from="re1fi1" xlink:to="fi1" />
    <link xlink:type="arc" xlink:from="fi1" xlink:to="re1fi1" />
    <!-- ta1 -->
    <pointer xlink:href="#ta1" xlink:label="ta1"/>
    <pointer xlink:href="#re1ta1" xlink:label="re1ta1" />
    <link xlink:type="arc" xlink:from="re1ta1" xlink:to="ta1" />
    <link xlink:type="arc" xlink:from="ta1" xlink:to="re1ta1" />
    <!—Figures (images) -->
    <!-- im1 -->
    <pointer xlink:href="#im1" xlink:label="im1" />
    <pointer xlink:href="a001f001t.jpg" xlink:label="im1t"  xlink:title="fig.1 Imagette" dimx="80"
    dimy="150" desc="Imagette, original: D:/erudit/tstImg/ri_v56-1/source/tremb-fig1.eps" />
    <pointer xlink:href="a001f001n.jpg" xlink:label="im1n" xlink:title="fig.1 Image pleine grandeur"
    dimx="320" dimy="600" desc="Image pleine grandeur, original:
    D:/erudit/tstImg/ri_v56-1/source/tremb-fig1.eps" />
    <pointer xlink:href="a001f001v.svg" xlink:label="im1v" xlink:title="fig.1 format vectoriel SVG"
    desc="contient 7C875218.jpg 7C875219.jpg 7C87521A.jpg 7C87521B.jpg" />
    <link xlink:type="arc" xlink:from="im1" xlink:to="im1t" xlink:show="embed" xlink:actuate="onLoad"
    xlink:title="Afficher fig.1 Imagette" />
    <link xlink:type="arc" xlink:from="im1" xlink:to="im1n" xlink:show="embed" xlink:actuate="onRequest"
    xlink:title="Afficher fig.1 Image pleine grandeur" />
    <link xlink:type="arc" xlink:from="im1" xlink:to="im1v" xlink:show="embed" xlink:actuate="onRequest"
    xlink:title="Afficher fig.1 format vectoriel SVG" />
</linkgr>

example 1

<unordlist sign="none">
    <listitem>…</listitem>
    <listitem>…</listitem>
    <listitem>…</listitem>
</unordlist>

example 2

<ordlist numeration="decimal">
    <listitem>…</listitem>
    <listitem>…</listitem>
    <listitem>
        <blocktext>…</blocktext>
        <unordlist sign="disc">
            <listitem>…</listitem>
            <listitem>…</listitem>
            <listitem>…</listitem>
        </unordlist>
    </listitem>
    <listitem>…</listitem>
</ordlist>

example 1

<pagination>
    <fpage>124</fpage>
    <lpage>157</lpage>
</pagination>

An “image”-type media object, with “block” value assigned to the “float” attribute, should always be found inside one of the following elements: box, equation, example, figure, object, table, table data cell, table heading cell, relation list source, relation list target

A media object, when found inside an element having textual contents only and/or sub-elements which do not influence the float of the text, must be used only with the “inline” value assigned to the “float” attribute. In this context, it will generally be used to represent special characters not supported by the font used to display the articles.

example 1

<mediaobject float="block">
    <audio id="ad3"/>
</mediaobject>

example 2

<mediaobject float="inline">
    <image id="im26" imagetype="layout"/>
</mediaobject>

example 1

<author>
    <orgname>Pacte Group</orgname>
    <member>
        <persname>
            <firstname>A.</firstname>
            <familyname>Beeby</familyname>
        </persname>
    </member>
    <member>
        <persname>
            <firstname>M.</firstname>
            <familyname>Fernández</familyname>
        </persname>
    </member>
    <member>
        <persname>
            <firstname>O.</firstname>
            <familyname>Fox</familyname>
        </persname>
    </member>
    <member>
        <persname>
            <firstname>I.</firstname>
            <familyname>Kozlova</familyname>
        </persname>
    </member>
    <member>
        <persname>
            <firstname>W.</firstname>
            <familyname>Neunzig</familyname>
        </persname>
    </member>
    <member>
        <persname>
            <firstname>M.</firstname>
            <familyname>Presas</familyname>
        </persname>
    </member>
    <member>
        <persname>
            <firstname>P.</firstname>
            <familyname>Rodríguez</familyname>
        </persname>
    </member>
    <member>
        <persname>
            <firstname>L.</firstname>
            <familyname>Romero</familyname>
        </persname>
    </member>
    <member>
        <contribution>Principal investigator</contribution>
        <persname>
            <firstname>A.</firstname>
            <middlename>Hurtado</middlename>
            <familyname>Albir</familyname>
        </persname>
    </member>
</author>

example 1

<persname>
    <firstname>Roger</firstname>
    <middlename>Joseph L.</middlename>
    <familyname>Wright</familyname>
</persname>

example 1

<figure id="fi3">
    <no>Fig. 1</no>
    <caption lang="fr">
        <blocktext>Comparaison entre les races de babouins en Afrique.</blocktext>
    </caption>
    <mediaobject float="block">
        <image id="im7" imagetype="figure" />
    </mediaobject>
    <fignote id="nf1">…</fignote>
    <source>…</source>
</figure>

example 2

<notegr>
    <note id="no1">
        <no>1</no>
        <blocktext>…</blocktext>
    </note>
    <note id="no2">
        <no>2</no>
        <blocktext>…</blocktext>
    </note>
</notegr>

If the “no” element of a note does not have decimal numeration, the content of the note must be checked and the following done: (1) In the case of an email or affiliation, remove the note (and reference mark, if applicable) and put the information into the proper elements; (2) In the case of any other information and a note with an equivalent reference mark, leave the note as is; (3) In the case of any other information but a note with no corresponding reference mark, see if the note can be removed and the information put into a “ackno”, “gennote” or any other pertinent element. If finding the right element for the information appears impossible, add a reference mark similar to the note’s “no” to the title or author, depending upon the information type in the note.

Note that the note’s “no” must be changed if it is a dash because the dash is not suitable as a reference mark. It should be replaced by an asterisk “*” or the symbol most commonly used by the journal.

example 1

<notegr>
    <note id="no1">
        <no>1</no>
        <blocktext>…</blocktext>
    </note>
    <note id="no2">
        <no>2</no>
        <blocktext>…</blocktext>
    </note>
    <note id="no3">
        <no>3</no>
        <blocktext>…</blocktext>
    </note>
</notegr>

example 1

<notegr>
    <title>Notes</title>
    <note id="no1">
        <no>*</no>
        <blocktext>…</blocktext>
    </note>
    <note id="no2">
        <no>1</no>
        <blocktext>…</blocktext>
    </note>
</notegr>

Note that an object must contain only “audio” or “video”-type media objects, even if the content model for the “mediaobject” element also includes the “image” element.

The content of the “no” sub-element must be entered as it appears in the article, with no initial or final punctuation. It consists of a descriptor of the type of object and its number, such as (Sound excerpt 1, Vidéo 1, Sound 1, Video Clip 1, etc.)

Objects appearing within a paragraph must be relocated at the end of that paragraph.

example 1

<object id="ob3" objtype="video">
    <no>Clip vidéo 1</no>
    <mediaobject float="block">
        <video id="vi7"/>
    </mediaobject>
    <source>…</source>
</object>

This element is used only to represent the subdivision of an idea into multiple objects. Ex : Video excerpt 3a, Video excerpt 3b and Video excerpt , grouped under Video excerpt 3.

Sets of objects appearing within a paragraph must be relocated at the end of that paragraph.

example 1

<objectgr id="go1">
    <object id="ob1" objtype="audio">
        <no>Extrait sonore 1a</no>
        <caption lang="fr">…</caption>
        <mediaobject float="block">…</mediaobject>
    </object>
    <object id="ob2" objtype="audio">
        <no>Extrait sonore 1b</no>
        <caption lang="en">…</caption>
        <mediaobject float="block">…</mediaobject>
    </object>
    <source>…</source>
</objectgr>

example 1

<object id="ob6" objtype="video">
    <no>Clip vidéo 6</no>
    <caption lang="fr">…</caption>
    <mediaobject float="block">
        <video id="vi7"/>
    </mediaobject>
    <objnote id="nb4">
        <no>a</no>
        <blocktext>…</blocktext>
    </objnote>
    <source>…</source>
</object>

If a list appears within a list (embedded list), the second-level list must appear inside a first-level list item and after its content, if present.

The value of the “counter” attribute must always be the number (decimal) that corresponds to the value of the numeration (e.g. set the value “4” for lowercase ascii letter numeration starting at “d”).

example 1

<ordlist numeration="ucaseroman" counter="3">
    <listitem>…</listitem>
    <listitem>…</listitem>
    <listitem>…</listitem>
</ordlist>

example 2

<ordlist numeration="lcaseletter">
    <listitem>…</listitem>
    <listitem>
        <blocktext>…</blocktext>
        <ordlist numeration="lcaseroman">
            <listitem>…</listitem>
            <listitem>…</listitem>
            <listitem>…</listitem>
        </ordlist>
    </listitem>
    <listitem>…</listitem>
</ordlist>

example 1

<publisher id="">
    <orgname>SAAQ</orgname>
</publisher>

example 2

<author id="au1">
    <orgname>CSN</orgname>
    <email>…</email>
</author>

example 1

<pagination numeration="decimal">
    <fpage>12</fpage>
    <lpage>29</lpage>
</pagination>

example 2

<pagination numeration="lcaseroman">pp. ii-vi</pagination>

This is the history of the paper version included directly in the article.

Includes, among other things, dates on which the manuscript was received, revised and accepted.

example 1

<paperhistory>
    <blocktext>Manuscrit reçu le 22 mai 1998; manuscrit révisé accepté le 11 décembre 1998</blocktext>
</paperhistory>

Here are the recommended general rules for determining whether an element is to be inside or outside a paragraph:

• (1) Inside: These are elements that may not be moved in the article. They absolutely must be left where they were placed in the original text so that the meaning of the author’s statements is not lost. This rule applies to the following elements: “blocktext”, “blockquote”, “equation”, “example”, “equationgr”, “examplegr”, “unordlist”, “ordlist”, “relationlist”, “biblioref”, “verbatim”;
• (2) Outside: These are elements that may be moved in the article on the basis of various constraints, such as layout, without losing the meaning of the author’s statements. This rule applies to the following elements: “box”, “figure”, “boxgr”, “figuregr”, “objectgr”, “tablegr”, “object”, “table”.

You may go against the above rules in the following cases:

• (1) Inside: An article for which no paragraph numbering is desired. In this case, the “para” element must not be used under any circumstances. Therefore, the elements that should be found inside a paragraph will be used alone, without a paragraph. Here is a partial list of the types of articles that should not be numbered: indexes, works received, stage play, series of poems;
• (2) Outside: If an element that should generally be found outside a paragraph is preceded by a block of text that ends in a phrase such as “as shown in the following figure:”, it should be tagged inside the paragraph in which the block of text occurs. This is because it is closely related to the preceding block of text and, therefore, any moving of that element would result in a loss of meaning.

For tagging of interviews, putting each new statement by the interviewer and the interview subject’s response in the same paragraph is recommended.

example 1

<section1 id="s1n3">
    <para id="pa63">
        <blocktext>Deux accusés qui devaient comparaître mercredi matin se sont échappés
        du fourgon cellulaire en marche qui transportait 22 détenus au Palais de justice de
        Montréal.</blocktext>
        <ordlist numeration="decimal">
            <listitem>…</listitem>
            <listitem>…</listitem>
            <listitem>…</listitem>
        </ordlist>
    </para>
    <figure id="fi3">
        <no>Fig. 2</no>
        <caption lang="fr">
            <blocktext>Photo des accusés</blocktext>
        </caption>
        <mediaobject float="block">
            <image id="im7" imagetype="figure" />
        </mediaobject>
        <fignote id="nf1">…</fignote>
        <source>…</source>
    </figure>
    <para id="pa64">
        <blocktext>Le fourgon n'était plus qu'à un coin de rue du palais, à l'intersection des rues
        Viger et Hôtel de ville. L'un d'eux est Stéphane Labrie, 34 ans, un individu associé aux Hells
        Angels.</blocktext>
    </para>
</section1>

example 2

<para id="pa89">
    <blocktext>Pour Mme de Staël et les comparatistes qui vont suivre, la traduction est un révélateur
    de l’esprit national : c'est une pratique de médiation qui a pour but de permettre à une nation de
    devenir plus pleinement elle-même. Dans De l'Allemagne, par exemple, elle écrit :</blocktext>
    <blockquote>
        <blocktext>Les nations doivent se servir de guide les unes aux autres, et toutes
        auraient tort de se priver des lumières qu’elles peuvent mutuellement se prêter. Il y a quelque
        chose de très singulier dans la différence d’un peuple à un autre : le climat, l’aspect de la nature,
        la langue, le gouvernement, enfin surtout les événements de l’histoire, puissance plus extraordinaire
        encore que toutes les autres, contribuent à ces diversités [... ].</blocktext>
        <source>III, p. 31</source>
    </blockquote>
    <blocktext>Frayer avec l’étrangeté, c’est aller à la recherche de ressources qui serviront à alimenter
    la littérature nationale, à maintenir et renouveler la diversité des peuples.</blocktext>
</para>

example 1

<titlegr>
   <issuesect>Comptes rendus</issuesect>
   <paralissuesect lang="en">Reviews</paralissuesect>
    …
</titlegr>

example 2

<titlegr>
    <issuesect>Liminaire</issuesect>
    <paralissuesect lang="en">Introductory Note</paralissuesect> 
    …
</titlegr>

example 3

<titlegr>
    <issuesect>Dossier spécial</issuesect>
    <paralissuesect lang="en">Special Issue</paralissuesect>
    <paralissuesect lang="es">Tema especial</paralissuesect> 
    …
</titlegr>

example 1

<titlegr>
    <issuesect>Index général de la revue</issuesect>
    <issuesect2>vol. 1 à 14, 1990-2004</issuesect2>
    <paralissuesect lang="en">General Index</paralissuesect>
    <paralissuesect2 lang="en">vol. 1 to 14, 1990-2004</paralissuesect2> 
    …
</titlegr>

example 1

<titlegr>
    <issuesect>Comptes rendus</issuesect>
    <issuesect2>Régionalisme et régions</issuesect2>
    <issuesect3>Moyen-Orient</issuesect3>
    <paralissuesect lang="en">Book reviews</paralissuesect>
    <paralissuesect2 lang="en">Regionalism and Regions</paralissuesect2>
    <paralissuesect3 lang="en">Middle East</paralissuesect3>
    …
</titlegr>

example 1

<pub>
    <period>mars</period>
    <paralperiod lang="en">March</paralperiod>
    <year>2000</year>
</pub>

example 2

<pub>
    <period>printemps</period>
    <paralperiod lang="en">Spring</paralperiod>
    <period>été</period>
    <paralperiod lang="en">Summer</paralperiod>
    <year>1977</year>
</pub>

example 1

<themegr id="th1">
    <theme>La citoyenneté au travail ?</theme>
    <subtheme>Réflexions sur le milieu de travail de l’avenir</subtheme>
    <paraltheme lang="en">Citizenship at Work?</paraltheme>
    <paralsubtheme lang="en">Thinking the Workplace of the Future</paralsubtheme>
    <paraltheme lang="es">¿La ciudadanía laboral?</paraltheme>
    <paralsubtheme lang="es">Reflexiones sobre el medio laboral del futuro</paralsubtheme>
</themegr>

example 1

<titlegr>
    <title>A Special Kind of Downsizing</title>
    <subtitle>An Assessment of Union Member Reaction to Bumping</ssttitre>
    <paraltitle lang="fr">Un cas spécial de réduction de la taille d’un
    établissement</paraltitle>
    <paralsubtitle lang="fr">une évaluation de la réaction des membres du
    syndicat à la supplantation</paralsubtitle>
</titlegr>

example 1

<themegr id="th1">
    <theme>Antoine Berman aujourd'hui</theme>
    <paraltheme lang="en">Antoine Berman for our time</paraltheme>
</themegr>

When an abstract contains the article title translated into a language other than the main language of the article, this information must be pulled from the abstract and put into a “paraltitle” element.

The parallel title might not be found within the article itself but, rather, in the journal issue's table of contents in which the article was published. In this case, it must be put into the “paraltitle” element.

example 1

<titlegr>
    <title>Appartenance, places et réseaux de places</title>
    <subtitle>La reproduction des processus sociaux et la génération d’un espace homogène
    pour la définition des structures sociales</ssttitre>
    <paraltitle lang="en">Membership, Places and Networks of Places</paraltitle>
    <paralsubtitle lang="en">The Reproduction of Social Processes and the Generation
    of a Homogenous Space for the Definition of Social Structures</paralsubtitle>
</titlegr>

example 1

<pub>
    <period>spring</period>
    <year>2000</year>
</pub>

example 2

<pub>
    <period>octobre</period>
    <year>1977</year>
    <period>janvier</period>
    <year>1978</year>
</pub>

example 1

<persname>
    <firstname>Harry</firstname>
    <familyname>Connick</familyname>
    <suffix>Jr.</suffix>
</persname>

example 2

<persname>
    <firstname>John</firstname>
    <middlename>F.</middlename>
    <familyname>Kennedy</familyname>
</persname>