Documents found
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2811.More information
Focusing on the situation of deaf bilingualism in Canada, where sign languages (SLs) are in a situation of diglossia with respect to the official languages, we examine the role and status of SLs in accessibility policies and in Quebecers deaf citizens’ perceptions of equal access to information. Our analysis of deaf citizens’ perceptions and experience (7 focus groups, 13 interviews) shows that adequate accessibility is defined by i) the respect of political commitments, ii) the establishment of norms of accessibility involving free choice of language, iii) personal control of technical parameters, iv) the recognition of deaf expertise’s, and v) the requirement of training and qualification. This analysis reveals a dichotomy between the absence of language policies regarding canadian SLs and the Accessible Canada Act’s goal of eliminating obstacles to information accessibility.
Keywords: sign languages, langue des signes, accessibility, accessibilité, diglossie, diglossia, language planning, aménagement linguistique, legislation, législation, handicap, disability
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2816.More information
Since 2015, the French-speaking Belgian compulsory education system has been involved in a comprehensive reform plan called the Pact for Teaching Excellence. The Pact of Excellence introduces a new form of institutional regulation based on a contractual relationship between the competent public authority and schools. Based on the model of the cities of Boltanski and Thévenot (1991) and a lexicographical analysis of official documents, this article examines, from a historical perspective, the progressive introduction of the new logic of coordination of the work of the actors of the educational system. It demonstrates that the regulation of the educational system is based on managerial logic that is particularly compatible with certain pedagogical principles.
Keywords: pacte d'excellence, principes de justice, coordination de l'action, contractualisation, régulation institutionnelle, pact of excellence, principles of justice, coordination of action, contractualization, institutional regulation, pacto de excelencia, principios de justicia, coordinación de la acción, sistema de contratos, regulación institucional
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2817.
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2818.More information
The Central African Economic and Monetary Community (CÉMAC) was founded in 1994, almost at the same period during which the World Trade Organisation (WTO) was founded. The aim of the CÉMAC was to intensify regional trade amongst its Member States. This regional organisation has elaborated a community customs law that deals with the sharing of competences between the institutions of the community and the Member States. It also organises the customs clearance procedure and the rules of customs dispute settlement. It is proven that the customs rules of CÉMAC meet the WTO rules on customs valuation. But the overall implementation of customs rules by the customs administrations of the Member States is not uniform. This lack of uniformity does not meet provisions of the GATT 1994.
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2819.More information
AbstractAfter fifty years of catching up to the U. S. level of productivity, since 1995 Europe has been falling behind. The growth rate in output per hour over 1995-2003 in Europe was just half that in the United States, and this annual growth shortfall caused the level of European productivity to fall back from 94 percent of the U. S. level to 85 percent. Fully one-fifth of the European catch-up (from 44 to 94 percent) over the previous half-century has been lost over the period since 1995.Disaggregated studies of industrial sectors suggest that the main difference between Europe and the U. S. is in ICT-using industries like wholesale and retail trade and in securities trading. The contrast in retailing calls attention to regulatory barriers and land-use regulations in Europe that inhibit the development of the ‘big box' retailing formats that have created many of the productivity gains in the U. S. For many decades, the U. S. and Europe have gone in opposite directions in the public policies relevant for metropolitan growth. The U. S. has promoted highly dispersed low-density metropolitan areas through its policies of building intra-urban highways, starving public transit, providing tax subsidies to home ownership, and allowing local governments to maintain low density by maintaining minimum residential lot sizes. Europeans have chosen different policies that encourage high-density residential living and retail precincts in the central city while inhibiting the exploitation of ‘greenfield' suburban and exurban sites suitable for modern ‘big box' retail developments.The middle part of the paper draws on recent writing by Phelps: economic dynamism is promoted by policies that promote competition and flexible equity finance and is retarded by corporatist institutions designed to protect incumbent producers and inhibit new entry. European cultural attributes inhibit the development of ambition and independence by teenagers and young adults, in contrast to their encouragement in the U. S. While competition, corporatism, and culture may help to explain the differing transatlantic evolution of productivity growth, they reveal institutional flaws in both continents that are inbred and likely to persist. The final section of the paper identifies the roots of the favorable environment for innovation in the U.S. compared to Europe. Elements include an openly competitive system of private and public universities, government subsidies to universities through peer-reviewed research grants rather than unconditional subsidies for free undergraduate tuition, the world dominance of U.S. business schools and management consulting firms, strong U.S. patent protection, a flexible financial infrastructure making available venture capital finance to promising innovations, the benefits of a common language and free internal migration, and a welcoming environment for highly-skilled immigrants.
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2820.More information
For several years now, the librarians at Université de Moncton have been teaching the Information Literacy / Library Research component as part of a mandatory introductory course offered to all first-year students in several faculties. As part of a study conducted in collaboration with the CompeTI.CA Partnership Network in 2016-2019, we collected and analyzed the perceptions of students participating in the course, as well as the observations and recommendations of librarians teaching it.Using a qualitative and inductive grounded theory methodology adopted by the Network and based on an inclusive and collaborative approach has allowed us to generate research data and practical recommendations. The conclusions derive from the analysis of the data collected, rather than from predetermined theories. Results suggest that this model of teaching information literacy as part of a course and its learning objectives seems to benefit students and contribute to their academic success. Optimization of the pedagogical structure of the course, placement tests, as well as the importance of a gradual and adapted approach to developing the information literacy skills are some of recommendations that emerge from this study.By publishing this article, we wish to make a modest contribution to the French-language scientific literature about the acquisition of information literacy skills by first-year university students, as well as the role of academic librarians in the teaching mission of post-secondary institutions.
Keywords: academic librarians, bibliothécaires universitaires, digital literacy, compétences informationnelles, information literacy skills, enseignement au premier cycle, surveys, littératie numérique, undergraduate teaching, questionnaire étudiant