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This paper deals with an association of women « repatriated » from Ivory Coast during the war in 2002. Bringing together several generations, this association now integrates young women who haven't « done the Coast ». The charisma of the president of the association and the performances of songs that the women give out in different kind of celebrations are indeed appealed to the youngest ones. These elements precisely emphasize the way gender is essential for the working of the association and the way it allows to go further than the usual social divisions between migrant and non-migrant people. Through their union around the president of the association, these women can actually face male figures of authority. Our analysis turns toward a negotiation of gender relationship linked with an ideology of social consensus and different norms, articulating religion, migration experience and the contemporary context of the capital of Burkina Faso.

Keywords: migrantes de retour, rapports de genre, islam, chants, Ouagadougou

The European Union (EU) has been facing a “migratory crisis” since 2015. At least, that is the common political discourse. This contribution focuses on the concept of “crisis” from a critical standpoint, seeking to objectify it but also to identify its nature. It is also necessary to interrogate the impacts of the so-called “crisis” for the internal management of asylum rights by the EU. “Internal management” refers to the legal framework for the questions related to international protection within the Union. The increasing influx of persons applying for international protection confronted the common European asylum regime to its limits and to the challenge of solidarity. Some states have engulfed themselves in “avoidance” procedures, which rely on concepts allowing states to avoid the obligation to protect having regard to origin, but mainly to the trajectory of the asylum seeker. Furthermore, the manifestations of the evolution of the common European asylum regime towards external management must be identified. Failure to juggle arrivals has led the EU to turn towards external partners to co-manage migration towards Europe. The agreement with Turkey and the compacts with Mediterranean and sub-Saharan African countries are its first manifestations. This new orientation is characterized, in substance, by the objective of preventing arrivals, and, in form, by the use of obscure legal forms, avoiding the democratic control of the legislator, the institutional control of the Charter of Fundamental Rights of the European Union, and the judicial control of the Court of Justice. The methods used lead to questions related to the compatibility of these new strategies with the respect of fundamental rights and the rule of law in a democratic institution.

SummaryWhile massive and illegal migratory flows make headlines in Europe, countries such as Canada rely more on skilled immigration. Professional integration in Canada, and more specifically in Quebec, has attracted the interest of a large number of authors. These authors highlight the various difficulties that immigrants face in this regard, despite the constant efforts of public actors to adjust welcoming and integration policies.In the information technology (IT) sector in the Quebec's capital region, economic growth, labour scarcity, and the growing need for specialized labour are encouraging employers, supported by regional organizations, to recruit skilled workers at the international level. A large proportion of immigrants specialized in IT therefore arrive in the Quebec's region via this mechanism and actors in the field emphasize their successful integration into the workplace. However, there is one category of immigrants, trained abroad in IT, that are also trying to integrate into the sector. They have not arrived by this usual method of recruitment and hence pass under the radar of regional and sectoral statistics. This exploratory study reveals their existence and focuses upon the conditions that are specific to their professional integration.This article highlights the obstacles faced in their efforts to take up a first IT job, taking into account their skills acquired overseas, obstacles related to weaknesses in language proficiency in the workplace or gaps in employers' human resource management practices, and differences in occupational classifications. The immigrants encountered in our study put in place back-to-school and de-skilling strategies that would facilitate their entry into a first job in IT. However, these actions do not lead to an optimal and satisfactory insertion of these workers and, in fact, generally lead to over-qualification. Furthermore, the analysis allows us to understand that the workers' generalist profiles create obstacles because the needs of employers in the region are in fact specialized.

Keywords: insertion en emploi, immigrants qualifiés, technologies de l'information, secteur en forte demande, Québec, employment integration, qualified immigrants, information technology, sector in strong demand, Quebec, inserción en empleo, inmigrantes calificados, tecnologías de información, sector en fuerte demanda, Quebec

The criminal is the equivalent of the hero in another context, i.e. an exceptional individual with a captivating boldness. Interest in crime is linked to the attractiveness of exceptional behaviour. Media representations of criminality fulfil an anthropologically discriminating function that sets the boundaries between abnormal and normal, and a social function that turns exceptional individual actions into a socially significant experience: the media help to crystallize our worries by focussing a fragmented mass of fears on identical objects, i.e. emblematic violence. But the relationships thus created are projective rather than socially unifying.

This article reflects on the arguments according to which the Tuareg former slaves, Bellah from/around Menaka resignified the chari'a rule implemented by Muslim activists as a corrective to an existing political imbalance in northern Mali. An examination of these arguments, I argue, allows us to view contemporary Muslim activism as a religious phenomenon that brings new ways of understanding politics, religious pluralism and social conflicts in the northern Sahel. As a result, the article places scholarly debates on religious pluralism and social conflicts in the northern Sahel in the context of increasingly transnational politics of religion.

Keywords: charia, Bellah, Mali, Touaregs, islam, chari'a, Bellah, Mali, Touaregs, Islam

The spring of 2012 was marked by a major social upheaval in Quebec, triggered by the conflict surrounding the proposed increase in tuition fees. Various observers have suggested that Web 2.0 platforms, or social media, played a leading role in this upheaval. Facebook and Twitter, in particular, constitute a source of information and a tool for sharing information that, although not replacing mass media, have contributed to transforming the way people obtain information, talk about issues and form an opinion. This article undertakes to document, using a sociographic approach, these emerging information practices in order to better understand them and to determine to what extent they are circumstantial or indicative of a deeper evolution. The survey applies a hybrid approach that is based on a series of in-depth qualitative interviews held with about thirty young people (students and non-students) between the ages of 18 and 25 during the upheaval, complemented by a “guided tour” of their Facebook timelines regarding this event. The study showed that, apart from certain recurring features, the usages and representations of this platform are far from homogeneous within this age group, and that these reflect social cleavages known to characterize Quebec.

Keywords: médias sociaux, recherche qualitative, jeunes, pratiques informationnelles, participation politique, Québec, Printemps érable, usages d'Internet, social media, qualitative research, youth, information practices, political participation, Quebec City, érable, usages of the internet

After a short geo-historical introduction about Val d’Aoste and a brief presentation of the characteristics of its linguistic development, the article describes the current issues of multilingual education there, not only in the context of the protection of patrimonial and minority languages (French and Francoprovençal), but also from the perspective of considering the students’ increasingly diversified backgrounds. From this point of view, the Institut Régional de Recherche Educative pour le Val d’Aoste analyses and elaborates identity profiles based on qualitative research on social representations of themes such as bi/multilingualism, the languages, and how they are taught. These profiles, which group together networks of highly diversified social representations that show contrasting attitudes on linguistic matters, could either support or thwart the school’s linguistic development project. Finally, the article reveals the perspectives that seem, at this time, to be the most promising for opening up the minority debate to a broader context, such as inclusion and social cohesion, linguistic and cultural diversity, dialogue among cultures, and language education for the citizens of Europe and the rest of the world.