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Introduction and objectives – Over the last decades, stress and work performance have become a subject of interest, not only in the workplace but also in our daily life. In addition, five distinct and competitive theories about the nature of the relationship of stress on work performance may be found in the literature. Therefore, despite the large amount of research done on the subject, the relationship between these two variables remains ambiguous since empirical observations do not converge towards a unique relational nature. The main objective of this study is to explore the effect of stress on work performance, and subsequently to verify the impact of personality on the stress/performance relationship. Methods – Data were collected through self-administered questionnaires and by salivary samples among management students (n=10). This is an empirical study on the relationship between stress and performance and the variables that could impact the relationship conducted in a laboratory. Results – The statistical analyses show significant relationships between stress and performance under certain conditions. Results also show that personality traits of agreeableness could have an effect on the differential of the sub-dimension of “problem-solving” performance, and emotional stability could have an effect on the differential of the sub-dimension of “customer service orientation” performance. Conclusion – These observations indicate the need to continue the research and to explore the workplace stress-performance relationship from the standpoint of moderators in order to understand the polymorphic nature of the relationship between these concepts.

Keywords: stress, performance au travail, cortisol, personnalité, caractéristiques individuelles

SummaryThis article discusses the form of employmment differing from the standard model of a stable regular job which have proliferated since the 1980s. It begins by examining the erosion of the norms governing full-time employment. This is followed by a presentation of the «new» job forms (part-time, temporary, self-employment) proliferating along side salaried workers, this as an illustration of the differentiation phenomenon. This non-exhaustive typology is meant to inform an inquiry into the erosion of the regular salaried job as a basic category vis-a-vis the multiplication of differentiated job forms. The author argues that this phenomenon is related to a transformation of the tertiary sector.

Keywords: emploi, normes dans l'emploi, emploi à temps partiel, emploi temporaire, emploi occasionnel, activité indépendante, travailleurs autonomes, secteur tertiaire, services aux entreprises, job, employment standards, part-time work, occasional work, temporary work, self-employment, self-employed workers, tertiary sector, service industry, empleo, normas de empleo, empleo de medio tiempo, empleo temporario, empleo ocasional, actividad independiente, trabajadores autónomos, sector terciario, servicios a las empresas

Cryptomarkets are e-commerce platforms that specialize in the sale of illicit drugs. The success of these markets has brought them to the attention of law enforcement agencies around the world, but coordinated efforts to shut them down and arrest their participants have so far been ineffective. This study analyses the impact of a recent police intervention that led to the closure of one of the main facilitators of cryptomarket activities, the DeepDotWeb platform. Analysis of 2,841 messages posted on discussion forums dedicated to cryptomarkets made it possible to understand how participants saw the prevention mechanisms used against DeepDotWeb and how they adapted to its closure. The results suggest that interventions that increase the effort and risk associated with browsing the darknet while also decreasing the expected benefits of crime may be more effective in disrupting illicit activities over the long term than the closure of any single market.

Keywords: Interventions policières, cryptomarchés, prévention situationnelle, facilitateurs du crime, Police interventions, cryptomarkets, situational prevention, crime facilitators, Intervenciones policiales, criptomercado, prevención situacional, facilitadores de delitos

Keywords: Loisir, intégration, nouveaux arrivants, Montréal

In recent years there has been an important shift in the pattern of Canadian food aid distribution towards a greater concentration on Africa. Recent projections call for increased transfers of food aid to Africa in the foreseeable future. Given the growing concern about the long-term contribution that food aid might make to increasing food sufficiency in Africa, this paper examines the concept of « developmental » food aid and its implications for Canadian food aid policy. First, the article discusses some of the problems that arise out of the provision of increased volumes of non-emergency food aid to Africa. Then, it examines the recent evolution of Canadian food aid policy with particular attention to some of the difficulties involved in implementing a strategy of providing « developmental » food aid to Africa on a long-term basis. The issues of policy dialogue, recipient selection, donor co-ordination, and food aid dependence are discussed respectively.

The following treatment of U.S.-Canada relations begins with the Ottawa-Quebec nexus and its impact upon the connection with the United States. Then the analysis proceeds through bilateral relations. The essay concludes with a look at multilateral interactions from the focus of both Canada and the United States. Thus the analysis proceeds from the most specific to the most general, and from the most internalized to the most external. Concluding with a paradox, the argument of the essay is that despite the end of the Cold War and the disappearance of imminent external threat, uncertainty has never loomed larger in the relation of Canada to its southern neighbor, for all parts of Canada including Quebec, and for the Canadian polity as a whole.

AbstractThe international co-operation with Africa at the beginning of this millennium is dominated by the partnership policy. Partnership has thus became one of the major themes of international relations at the era of globalisation. This study approaches partnership as an international fact which, on the theoretical basis, renews and enriches the analysis of international relations by combining realism, transnationalism and ethics and, in a practical way, expresses a specific world vision and redefines the world's influence game. Partnership as an international co-operation policy articulates power politics with ethical norms. Facing the partnership dynamic, Africa is being integrated into the globalised economy on the one hand and on the other is modifying its status and position in the global world. Partnership is also a practical field of the expression of power politics in African international relations.

This article is the resuit of fieldwork carried out alongside panhandlers on the streets of Toronto, whose discourse is gleaned for dues to cultural norms and ideas about social belonging. The life stories of panhandlers are summarized in order to set the scene and their modus operandi is described in some detail. Particular attention is paid to the ways in which panhandlers “other” certain segments of society (including fellow panhandlers who refuse to abide by the common code of behaviour), often reflecting the mainstream ideology they profess to reject. One of the authors spent several stretches actually panhandling amid their informants, in order to better understand this seemingly permanent feature of urban living today.

Northern Alberta is a space of conflict, not only in terms of environmental politics, but likewise in terms of regional identity and community sustainability. Using a variety of forms of narrative (drawing from mediated and unmediated sources in image, text, and sound), we can reveal the dominant cultural imaginaries that frame and limit our abilities to progress beyond these conflicts. This is a study of regionalism, nationalism, and identity in a city divided between an imagined Albertan conservatism, a displaced Newfoundland outport, and a cosmopolitan global work-force. It is a study of narrative in everyday life, in an effort to deconstruct divisive attitudes in acknowledgement of a more complex and diverse reality.