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The emergence of public libraries in Québec got off to a slow start in 1959 in the wake of the Quiet Revolution. With the support of the Québec governement, public libraries grew rapidly until 1985. However, since 1986, governement support has receded. Fortunately, the success of the Vaugeois Plan has increased awareness and support from municipal governments. The sociopolitical context and modern technology will encourage public libraries to forge new strategic alliances.
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In this essay, the author offers an historical, analytical and comparative analysis of public library legislation in Québec and other provinces. The historical context that led to the adoption of the Public Libraries Act by Québec in 1959, its legal structure and the events that led to its repeal in 1992 are examined.
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SummaryIn a pluralistic political system based on private property and free trade, how can we take into account not only the economic, but also the social and political nature of public enterprises? On what kind of analytical tools can we rely? These two questions are examined in this paper. The history of public enterprises and their "raison d'être" are reviewed in the first part of the paper. The second part describes the changes which have occurred in the public sector and within the state, following the establishment and development of public enterprises. The french and Canadian cases serve as illustration of the proposed discussion.
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This article aims to seek the roots of ultraliberalism in the brasilian scientific policy and puts forward the contradictions and transformations the State and the brazilian society went through in the early 21st century. The article also depicts the evolution of the national public policies and their impact on the reinforcement of democracy – which has been halted by the political, economical and social crisis. The author highlights the urge to state a social pact in the country, a new societal vision with morals and dreams for a common future, and defends international agreements such as the 2030 Agenda as a possible starting point.
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As the twentieth century comes to a close, Québec's public libraries are acknowledged as a major player in the cultural life of municipalities and not just as lenders of books. Their singularly simple social mission is to offer multimedia documents, state-of-the-art reference services, and cultural events that can reach all audiences.This article outlines the major developments in the transformation from the modest book counter to the modern library. This metamorphosis gave rise to «maisons de la culture» (cultural centres) in some cities and to media centres in others. This conversion, aided by the partnership of municipalities and the Government of Québec, restored the professional dynamism. The author describes the workings of these new temples of knowledge in the post-modern society and examines such topics as financing, the legal framework, cataloguing, networking and users.
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It is generally accepted that meaningful legislation is a key component in the development of a reading policy. Studies undertaken by UNESCO and the experience of several countries, especially the United States, clearly support this claim. Québec adopted a public library act in December 1959. In 1992, the law creating the Ministère de la Culture repealed the 1959 law and a few of the articles that addressed public libraries (7 out of 51) were incorporated into the 1992 legislation. The authors believe that a new public library act is essential. The following article describes the relevant historical landmarks regarding the public library act in Québec, identifies several points of comparison (namely with Ontario) and suggests a few measures that should be included in a new public library act.