Documents found
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2833.More information
AbstractContrary to their predecessors, who saw it as adecdotal history, sociologists Pierre Bourdieu and Nathalie Heinich attribute a major importance to literary and artistic Bohemia in the constitution of (for Bourdieu) an autonomous literary field, and (for Heinich) a regime of singularity. But are they not, in doing so, drawing on a representation of Bohemia that was already prevalent in the most traditional literary histories ? In the writings of the Goncourt brothers in 1857 we discover a Bohemia that is completely different in function and in aspect : Bohemia appears here endowed with an all-consuming power (and is not more sympathetically marginal), venal (and not more in love with poverty)—in short, symptomatic of a modern literary malaise. Analyzing this portrait from the position of the Goncourt brothers and of their ideology of a pure literature, this article also examines how positions taken by actors can be considered as sociological documents.
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2836.
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2837.More information
AbstractAlcohol policy in New Brunswick was contested terrain. Following the political defeat of prohibition, the province introduced government liquor stores in 1927, but refused for more than three decades to license public establishments, although Legions and private clubs enjoyed a quasi-legal status. By the end of the Second World War, the province had one of the lowest liquor consumption rates in Canada, a small but vocal temperance movement, and a fairly dry hospitality sector. During the 1960s and 1970s, access to alcohol was liberalized with the licensing of taverns and dining rooms, the decriminalization of public drunkenness, and the lowering of the drinking age to 19. Meanwhile, the public health, social service, legal and voluntary sectors lobbied for prevention and treatment programs based on the disease concept of alcoholism, rather than the moralistic arguments of the older temperance movement. By 1975, it was clear that New Brunswick's alcohol control policies mirrored the wider Canadian experience as residents were treated to competing discourses: drinking was a modern, reasonable, and fashionable recreation but alcohol was society's most widespread and costly addictions problem.
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2839.More information
Up to the beginning of the Second World War, La Revue du droit had been the most important scholarly publication for Quebec lawyers. A previous study by Sylvio Normand has shown that the journal was a manifestation of legal nationalism dedicated to the defense of the Quebec civilist tradition. This paper goes further by showing that the journal was also the major instrument of a fundamentalist crusade against the liberal positivism prevailing during the first decades of this century. The journal strongly opposed the separation of law and morals by promoting a very strict version of legal thomism. Reacting against the monopolization of law by the state, the journal argued for a regime of legal pluralism within which the legal jurisdictions of the church and other authorities of the civil society would be recognized and protected by the state. Shortly after the disappearance of 'La Revue du droit, the Quebec Bar started publishing La Revue du Barreau. A major concern of the Bar was to promote a legal doctrine much closer to the professional outlook of lawyers and officially neutral in terms of political and ideological orientations. As decisive as it was for the public image of the profession and for the future of Quebec jurisprudence, this move did not amount to a collapse of the ideas promoted by La Revue du droit. The thomist philosophy and the « antietatism » espoused by catholic lawyers might have remained firmly rooted in the Quebec legal culture for the next two or three decades although they were no longer publicly advocated by the official institutions of the legal community.
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2840.More information
Quebec feminist theories are silent when it comes to sexuality as perceived in law and its impact on women. In addition, any future examination of this matter will require the importing of a theory on sexuality to form the basis of any critique. Michel Foucault's theory on sexuality as set forth in Histoire de la sexualité may seem appropriate for such purposes. But his treatise conceals in an anarchistic way an arbitrary approach to history and a patriarchal view of women's sexuality. Foucault's study investigates the past in a dogmatic way, namely via a contemporary distortion of the historic and documentary reality of the ages he studies : the seventeenth, eighteenth and nineteenth centuries and Antiquity. Furthermore, owing to his theory regarding power, Foucault does not see and identify the social control over women's sexuality throughout Antiquity as a dominator-dominated relationship. As the Ancients before him, he excludes women from his research on sexuality, except regarding sexuality in marriage. He endorses misogynous prejudices as though they were normal practices and thereby perpetuates the male-dominating view of women. Consequently, it is preferable to avoid resorting to such a theory as the basis of a feminist critique of sexuality as perceived in law.