Documents found
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2201.More information
AbstractThe author reviews recent studies on social and occupational mobility. Twenty years after his joint publication with R. Bendix Social Mobility in Industrial Society, he is able to utilize the abundant data available form the communist countries : U.S.S.R., Poland, Czechoslovakia, Hungary, and Yugoslavia. He shows that the research conducted in these countries repeatedly demonstrates that differences in rates of social mobility vary according to family's occupational status. Then, examining the results from such social-democratic nations as Sweden and Great Britain, he shows that there too, family origins are reflected in the rates of mobility, much as in France. He concludes that no nation has yet found the solution to inequality for children of the lower classes.
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2202.More information
Greek and other Orthodox travelers to Russia were important and knowledgeable witnesses to Muscovite liturgical singing practices. This article surveys several Greek sources from around 1600: a poem and a memoir by Archbishop Arsenios of Elasson (1550-1626); a poem describing events connected with the False Dmitrii (1606) by Matthaios Koletzides; and a report of the Moscow trip undertaken by Theophanes, Patriarch of Jerusalem (1619). We also consider the lengthy narrative by Paul of Aleppo, who accompanied Patriarch Makarios of Antioch to Moscow (1650s and 1660s). All of these sources provide rich examples of continuing exchanges among Russian and foreign Orthodox singers throughout this period.
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2207.More information
This paper starts from the observation that immigrants in France set up church-like actions outside of the existing churches. In these churches of immigrant origin some practices are found that link the believers to their origins, practices that are out of step with the realities of the host country, as it is the case with the exercise of authority in France. A qualitative survey has been carried out, focusing on nine pastors and missionaries in a local church with a significant number of immigrants of African descent in the city of Marseille (France). The goal of this survey is to determine the type of authority that should be exercised in the pastoral field within those churches.
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2208.More information
AbstractAt the heart of the aesthetic constellations in French African fiction, a particular form of writing has appeared during the last two decades that breaks with the compact, linear récit-fleuve of first-generation writers. Henceforth, writing is characterized by work that is increasingly conscious of invention and intervention as regards both language and the body of fiction, resulting in a heterogeneous—even eccentric—entity that escapes the classic form of the novel. The transformations heralded by authors such as Ahmadou Kourouma, Mohamed-Alioum Fantouré or Henri Lopes fortunately continue in post-colonial writers (Sami Tchak, Kossi Efoui, Abdouhraman Wabéri, etc.), particularly in a situation of exile, giving the idea that fiction seeks to subscribe to the various fantasies and shocks that excite the conscience of exiles/migrants or, conversely, wishes to take advantage of the postmodern aesthetic of rupture, crumbling and chaos discovered in the new relationship to the world fostered by globalization. In a large number of writers, writing becomes an exercise in sclerosis of form and is entirely absorbed by a taste for—and perhaps even an obsession with—fragmentation, chaos, intrigue and the nonsense of life.
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2209.More information
Before the novelist came the journalist. Before the overnight success of her first novel, The Tin Flute, came the popular success of a woman whose publishing evolved from brief columns to thoughtful, lengthy documentaries in newspapers and magazines from 1939 to 1945. François Ricard, however, points to a contradiction between Roy's journalistic endeavors and The Tin Flute. The Tin Flute (and The Cashier) is not representative of Roy's subsequent writing. The novel which ended 35 years of indecision and which assured Roy the artistic and monetary success to continue as a writer fails to herald her later publications. Roy interrupted her writing of The Cashier to publish Where Nests the Water Hen, one of her favourite works. This second “novel”, and not the first, typifies Roy's narrative structure, one that she invented and refined during her collaboration with Le Bulletin des agriculteurs. While her articles do anticipate the themes, characters and depth of presentation found in the later “novels”, it is the narrative structure of these documentaries that forms the subject of this study. What is this narrative structure? Articles which depict different aspects of Canada are loosely grouped into four different series. Such a structure, autonomous articles linked by theme and subject, forms the basis of most Roy's works and explains the hesitancy to designate them as “novels”. The aesthetic principle of a self-reflexive narrative, where earlier stories anticipate later ones and where later stories comment and elaborate on what has come before, is analysed in some of Roy's journalism in order to comment in general on her narrative style.
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2210.More information
Abstract“Towards a Social History of George Crumb's Music in the 1970s” wishes to show that the art of this American composer (b. 1929) reflects in a kaleidoscopic manner the changing nature of society. By readily applying various facets of the notion of “metaphor,” Crumb's visionary output relates as much to the mysteries of spirituality as to the throes of death. Thus, the symbolic approach to musical composition follows the analysis of socio-cultural realities as well as the socio-political circumstances of the time.