Documents found
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311.More information
This article attempts to look at religious practices, specifically in Islam, as a response to social injustice. The article begins with a discussion of Nancy Fraser's conceptualization of social justice through the dimensions of recognition and redistribution. I am attempting to demonstrate that this feminist perspective is close to the Koran praxis of zakat. I am highlighting three characteristics of zakat as the foundation of faith : zakat commands a redistribution of property and wealth and it outlines the debt and the obligation of the wealthy to those of lower socio-economic standing. Thirdly, adherence to these guidelines enables the creation of ethical action based on Solidarity and Justice. Finally, this paper proposes one kind of religious way against austerity within Quebec.
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312.More information
This article analyzes the constitutive elements of what Strasser calls a “dialogal phenomenology” (1969), which is based on a twofold attempt : first, to elaborate a phenomenology of interiority, after the Husserlian and Merleau-Pontian criticism of the Cartesian cogito ; secondly, to take into account the primordiality of affectivity in the constitution of ethics, by means of an archeology of the subject which places the encounter with the other, in the form of a “You”, at the foreground of the emergence of the common world. To carry out this endeavor, Strasser overhauled philosophical anthropology by reintroducing the notion of the “heart” (Gemüt ; thumos), conceived as an intermediate zone of metabolization and metaphorization of reality which makes the descriptive method of phenomenology compatible with the normative and universal aim of ethics.
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This article studies how three contemporary war fictions negotiate their relation to historical truth and question their own validity as memory of the past. Zone by Mathias Énard, Incendies by Wajdi Mouawad and Les événements by Jean Rolin testify about a time particularly sensitive to the issue of the borders between historical fact and representation, and suspicious of the claim to truth of a so-called “official” history. Collectively and individually traumatic, the wars evoked in these works provide the opportunity to deconstruct a manipulated memory or to figure out the non-transmissible part of such extreme experiences. The analysis brings out the ethical character of the self-reflective specificity of literature, as it deals with memory processes.
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314.More information
La majorité des débats portant sur les préoccupations éthiques quant au traitement des personnes atteintes de désordres de la conscience est présentée en fonction d’une classification dichotomique : « droit de mourir/droit de vivre », en se concentrant principalement sur (1) une évaluation pour savoir si l’individu demeure « conscient », et sur (2) la « bonne » prise de décision concernant l’utilisation de traitements de survie. Toutefois, les expériences vécues par la famille, les amis et le personnel médical, qui entretiennent un lien étroit avec l’individu atteint de désordres de la conscience, indiquent que les questions éthiques que cela comporte ne peuvent être réduites au schéma « droit de mourir/droit de vivre », ni à des preuves d’un état de conscience, ni au droit …
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316.More information
The status of legal construction may at first appear paradoxical. Although essential, matters of legal interpretation are seldom addressed, except by a few specialists often very close to the sociological jurisprudence or the American Realism movements. The result is a kind of general consensus (which equally serves as a political principle) of the academic community upon the subsidiary role of interpretation in the law-making process – whereby the law-making process is deemed to fall almost entirely into the realm of the legislative branch of government. Yet, this idea that the legislative branch is the sole source of law-making is somehow at odds with the facts. This idea is above all contradicted by a set of works drawn from the philosophy of translation which, in the wake of the “hermeneutic turn” dating from the second half of the twentieth century, has brought to light a different paradigm : the interpreter is not alien to the text, and the idea that he could never add to what the author or the first reader could have had in mind should be denounced ; the text is not a “pretext” or a secondary concern in the decision-making process and should be taken seriously by legal hermeneutics. Finally, the theory of translation firmly rejects the use of the author's intention for interpretative purposes.
Keywords: Interprétation, herméneutique juridique, théorie de la traduction, H.-G. Gadamer, P. Ricœur, G. Steiner, Interpretation, legal hermeneutics, theory of translation, H.-G. Gadamer, P. Ricœur, G. Steiner
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This study aims to show the contribution of Amartya Sen's capabilities approach to professional mental health practice. To do so, the text first clarifies the transformation that has occured in the mental health field over the last 50 years. The “recovery”, with its emphasis on the empowerment of the user, testifies to this renewal. In a second part, the capabilities approach of Amartya Sen is presented. If its aim is to strengthen the power of individuals to choose the life they aspire to lead, there is then the problem of people who are deprived of the freedom to choose. Here then is the issue of justice that is inseparable from freedom. The third part of the study addresses the contribution of Sen's thinking to professional practice in mental health. What more does it offer than what recovery already brings with the valorisation of the autonomy of the subject? Here is discussed its anthropological foundation, as well as the implications for the practice of caregivers. Thus, in conclusion, the reader can see that Sen's approach modifies the classical bioethics perspective in force since the 1980s.
Keywords: capabilités, santé mentale, rétablissement, Amartya Sen, bioéthique, vie bonne, capabilities, mental health, recovery, Amartya Sen, bioethics, good life
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318.More information
A sort of vagueness continues to reign over the meaning of the word «dignity». The following question raised by Gabriel Marcel is more relevant today than ever: « For are we not generally risking letting ourselves be deceived by what I shall readily call a decorative conception of dignity, where the latter is more or less confused with the pomp that easily surround power? ». Here are, accordingly, a few reminders concerning genuine human dignity, in contrast.
Keywords: Humain, personne, respect, pauvreté, désir de reconnaissance, Human, person, respect, poverty, desire for recognition
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319.More information
My essay claims that Robert Southey uses Hinduism to fashion a poetics of Romantic-era technology in The Curse of Kehama (1810). In his neglected Sir Thomas More; or, Colloquies on the Progress and Prospects of Society (1829), Southey compares the manufacturing system to Indian theology and ritual, a metaphor that relativizes religion and technology while implying that the Industrial Revolution amounts to a new breed of religious network. Southey next likens the emergent world order made possible by such technologies to the cosmic ambitions of Kehama, his own Indian tyrant-cum-demigod. The Colloquies thus suggests an allegorical reading of The Curse of Kehama, whereby this tale of a king bent on cosmic rule simultaneously explores how technological and imperial networks intertwine. Accordingly, I draw from metaphor theory to read the earlier Kehama as a repository of veiled comparisons and displacements through which Southey glimpses the magnitude of the Industrial Revolution. Just as Indian wealth propels the techno-imperial enterprise described in the Colloquies, Kehama's paganism supplies the raw discursive material through which Southey fashions a poetics of manufacturing. Read alongside the Colloquies, Kehama aestheticizes the connection between imperial and technological systems, expresses the imaginative significance of twinned manufacturing novelties—the steam engine and coke smelting—and concretizes the opaque moral and poetic properties attaching to industrial power by depicting it in reference to the minutiae of Hindu religion so far as Southey understood it.
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320.More information
Two processes, or forms of stylization, commonly used by sociologists are examined in this article : one is the narrative (or plot) ; the other is the ideal type. These processes are not unique to so-called interpretive sociologies even though they incorporate hermeneutical dimensions. The plotting and the creation of an ideal type, for example, are offshoots or extensions of the perceptions and personal understandings of social actors as they develop a narrative of what happens to them and typify their behaviours. Sociologists pick up from there, while maintaining a distance. Both processes can be used to highlight the moral and political issues facing the community being studied. These processes also help to explain the creation, as well as the freedom and reflexivity of social actors, and their work as interpreters, which implicitly endows them with a hermeneutic dimension. The article examines several examples to inform the discussion.
Keywords: Écriture, sociologie, récit, type idéal, herméneutique, Writing, sociology, narrative, ideal type, hermeneutic, Escritura, sociología, narrativa, tipo ideal, hermenéutica