Documents found
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10311.More information
AbstractThe author reviews recent studies on social and occupational mobility. Twenty years after his joint publication with R. Bendix Social Mobility in Industrial Society, he is able to utilize the abundant data available form the communist countries : U.S.S.R., Poland, Czechoslovakia, Hungary, and Yugoslavia. He shows that the research conducted in these countries repeatedly demonstrates that differences in rates of social mobility vary according to family's occupational status. Then, examining the results from such social-democratic nations as Sweden and Great Britain, he shows that there too, family origins are reflected in the rates of mobility, much as in France. He concludes that no nation has yet found the solution to inequality for children of the lower classes.
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10312.More information
Social acceptability of mining projects is a major issue for the extractive industry. The literature considering social acceptability in connection with the mining world discusses a concept called the social licence to operate, as a way to avoid disturbance that could compromise extractive activities. This reductive vision is a transposition in the social world of mining projects establishment dynamics. Moreover, there are definitional and measurement difficulties associated with the notion of social acceptability itself. With the view of being useful to actors involved in real-life situations, we created an index that determines the risk for conflict development between a company and a local community during the first stages of mineral resources development, at the beginning of advanced exploration. It is applicable to the Province of Quebec. The model is based on an analytical description of the main determinants of conflicts, articulated around three structuring poles : affected community-ies, the company promoting the project, and the project itself in its natural environment. A questionnaire is used to qualify the communicational dynamics, and completes the evaluation of a given situation while giving space to perceptions. The identified variables are weighted and combined to get the social risk index. The index can be used by investors, mining companies, communities and governments. It facilitates the identification of aspects that can generate more social risk and the development of a stakeholder's dialogue. This article reflects the interdisciplinary approach adopted for this project.
Keywords: acceptabilité sociale, ressources minérales, modélisation, risque, interdisciplinarité, Québec, social acceptability, mineral resources, model, risk, interdisciplinarity, Québec
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10314.More information
Over the past few decades, organizations have been challenged with unprecedented environmental turbulence some refer to it as VUCA (Volatile, Uncertain, Complex, and ambiguous). In response to these contextual changes and to ensure their survival, they were forced to review and change many of their management policies and practices, particularly those associated with the career management system. The latter had to be modernized, namely, to acquire functional and digital flexibility which led to a new structure of transforming the employees’ psychological contract to be relational and transactional. Accordingly, and in line with the emerging corporate paradigm, the organization is no longer the primary architect of the professional employee’s future but becomes an extension in fulfilling the employees’ aspirations. Notwithstanding, given the contemporary challenges facing organizations (e.g. well-being, promotion, talent retention, diversity, etc.), there is an urgent need to critically review current career management methods. It is not a matter of questioning the renewed model by presenting nostalgic arguments, but rather of opening up to a third wave within the career management area; a wave that must meet the demands of a new reality. This analytical paper reviews the history of the individual and organizational career management perspectives and intends to offer a future perspective by proposing the outlines for a multivocal model of organizational career management; the model is anchored in a psychological contract based on partnership, for which it enables transformation as a way to confront (or overcome) contemporary challenges in the labor market.
Keywords: Gestion individuelle, individual management, gestion organisationnelle, organizational management, carrière, career practice, paradigme néocorporatif, career, corporate paradigm, modèle multivoque, pratiques de carrière
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10315.More information
This article deals with the relationships between the exercise of administrative discretion and the implementation of a policy. Chapter I defines administrative discretion as a power to make a choice in a particular case. This choice may be technical or political but in both instances relates to the implementation of a policy. The exercise of discretion is also situated within a system under the Rule of Law using H.L.A. Hart's concepts of primary and secondary rules. Chapter II deals with the exercise of discretion in relation to policy. First, if refers to K.C. Davis' model of confining, structuring and checking discretion. To confine discretion is to set the limits within which it should be exercised. To structure it is define the manner by which it is to be exercised notably in opening the decision-making process. To check discretion is to subject the decision to another authority. The next three sections of this chapter are concerned with legislative, regulatory and administrative policy. The first section studies legislative expressions of policy and their impact on the exercise of discretion. Secondly, the question of the choice between regulation and administrative discretion is analysed as is the control over that choice and the nature of regulation over it is decided to adopt it. Finally, the impact of an administrative discretion is seen when attacked by the citizen on the grounds that it fetters discretion, constitutes bias or when relied upon by the citizen. It is seen that in most cases, the administrator may structure his discretionary power in a manner respected by the courts.
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10316.More information
The project «literacy in the natural sciences classroom» was a three-year programme of professional development intended for Francophone secondary school teachers working in a minority context. This ongoing training programme privileged connections between language and the sciences and sought to raise awareness amongst teachers of the importance of language in their teaching. Our goal was to show them how to utilise a range of effective strategies in order to transform their classroom practices and thereby allow them to have their pupils read, write and speak during the study of science. The objective of our research was to determine how the beliefs and practices of teachers have changed over the years and how the latter have been implemented in different grades. We also wished to identify the challenges and facilitating factors relevant to the implementation of strategies and practices of classroom literacy at both the school level and that of the school division. The analysis presented in this article is based solely on interviews with teachers, with pupils, with school administrations as well as with other individuals implicated in the project. Analysis of the interviews with teachers revealed that changes relating to their assumptions and practices were progressive and directly related to the rate of participation in training sessions.
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10318.More information
AbstractProductivity growth in the U.S. economy jumped during the second half of the 1990s, a resurgence that many analysts linked to information technology (IT). However, shortly after this consensus emerged, demand for IT products fell sharply, leading to a lively debate about the connection between IT and productivity and about the sustainability of the faster growth. We contribute to this debate in two ways. First, to assess the robustness of the earlier evidence, we extend the growth-accounting results in Oliner and Sichel (2000a) through 2001. The new results confirm the basic story in our earlier work – that the acceleration in labor productivity after 1995 was driven largely by the greater use of IT capital goods and by the more rapid efficiency gains in the production of IT goods. Second, to assess whether the pickup in productivity growth is sustainable, we analyze the steady-state properties of a multi-sector growth model. This exercise generates a range for labor productivity growth of 2 percent to 2 ¾ percent per year, which suggests that much – and possibly all – of the resurgence is sustainable.
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10319.More information
The exercise of a remedy precludes a party who is entitled to demand the respect of his prerogative, and one that must meet its obligation. Therefore, the interests are opposed by nature as each party will work to emerge triumphant from the conflict. Thus, there is a significant risk of abuse which justifies punishment. A litigant should not be prejudiced by the exercise of a right. His interests are protected by the moderation of the implementation of the rights of other individuals. Furthermore, the notion of abuse should be framed such as not to prejudice the interests of the various parties. Indeed, the litigants may be deterred by the sanction in the case of an abusive legal process. It would thus violate the access to rights which is fundamental to the achievement of individual rights. The consecration of loyalty would prevent such abuses.
Keywords: Abus, caractérisation, intérêts, action, voie de droit, exécution, Abuse, criteria, interest, action, remedy, execution