Documents found
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2311.More information
This study describes and analyzes the attitudes of Quebec-born students toward students of immigrant origins in three secondary schools in a region of Quebec. Assimilationist attitudes and intergroup conflicts observed in this region (Steinbach, 2010a) led us to explore, in this study, the perspectives and attitudes of the host society students. Data were collected from 11 individual interviews and six focus group interviews with 39 students in three schools. The results demonstrate negative yet diverse attitudes depending on the school contexts. Findings emphasize the need to develop a more inclusive administrative approach in order to foster the development of positive intergroup contacts.
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2312.More information
This paper reveals the results of an exploratory study regarding the constituents of practioners' social representations (SR) of parenthood experienced by adults with intellectual disabilities or cognitive impairment in Quebec. Twenty-seven professionals working in public or community-based organizations took part in semi-structured interviews. From the analysis emerged rather positive SR. However, several factors related to the professional's experience or to the context of their practice seem to have a notable influence on those SR. From their perspective, professionals don't have the knowledge to make appropriate interventions and their collaboration with other organizations is affected by role ambiguity and the difficulties in service coordination. Finally, recommendations linked to the concerns expressed by the participants are being addressed.
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2313.More information
SummaryIn a context where employees' quality of life, well-being and psychological health are currently central concerns for managers and workplaces in general, organizational health issues are unavoidable. However, despite growing interest from researchers and practitionners, organizational health has been conceptualized in multiple ways and still is to date a research topic in evolution. In such a context, this paper reviews contemporary approaches in organizational health, and investigates how this field is approached by Quebec researchers. In order to document the current state of knowledge, a litterature review was first performed. Second, a consultative survey was administered to scientific experts in Quebec. The results from both the literature review and the survey identified that organizational health is a concept referring to various significations, in need of a more global perspective, and that goes beyond the work domain. However, contrary to the literature, experts refer mainly to psychological health, and less to physical health. They also anticipate that future research avenues in this field will be more focused on organizational factors. The results lead to a better understanding of the current state of knowledge about organizational health, as well as its evolution, and lead to the identification of emerging tendencies that may influence future scientific orientation for the psychological health at work strategical axis of the Quebec Occupational Health and Safety Research Network.
Keywords: santé, travail, organisation, recension des écrits, méthode Delphi, health, work, organization, litterature review, Delphi method, salud, trabajo, organización, recensión bibliográfica, método Delphi
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2314.More information
Issues of justice and fairness in management are a major preoccupation for employees (Ambrose and Schminke, 2003). However, in human resources management, the influence of organizational justice on intrinsic motivation at work, received very little research (Grenier et al., 2010). This paper proposes in this regard, to analyze the differential effect of the four dimensions of organizational justice on this form of motivation at work. It also proposes to highlight the role of recognition from supervisors in studying intrinsic motivation, but also to analyze the relationship between justice and recognition.Thereby, the theoretical framework mobilized in this research is based on the contributions of self-determination theory (Deci and Ryan, 1985), the contributions of organizational justice theory (Greenberg, 1987) and the literature on recognition at work (Brun and Dugas, 2002). To do this, we first outlined the theoretical foundations to establish the relationship between these variables, in order to show how organizational justice and recognition from supervisors can promote intrinsic motivation at work. Next, multiple regression analyzes were used to present the results of our empirical study, realized on 787 employees from various sectors in France.Therefore, based only on a questionnaire survey, this study analyzed the links could be made between these three concepts. It appears that organizational justice perceptions—especially in the distribution of the organization resources, in the relationships and in the information provided—can have a positive influence on intrinsic motivation at work. The impact of organizational justice on intrinsic motivation at work can also be greatly and significantly enhanced by the recognition from superiors.
Keywords: justice distributive, justice procédurale, justice interpersonnelle, justice informationnelle, effort, travail, distributive justice, procedural justice, interpersonal justice, informational justice, work, effort, distributiva, procedural, interpersonal, informacional, trabajo, esfuerzo
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2315.More information
SummaryRapidly changing organizations are associated with work intensification which translates into workload problems. Scientific literature has clearly identified workload as an important risk factor for individuals and for organizations. Though current knowledge on workload allows for the measurement of its impacts on individuals and on organizations, it is still difficult to clearly identify its nature and to improve working conditions accordingly. The objective of this paper is to contribute additional information to a workload framework applied to work situations where individual characteristics, professional activity and organizational contexts are all determinants of a complex and dynamic work situation. The goal of this study is to improve knowledge on the workload phenomenon and ultimately to determine important direct and indirect factors influencing workload. A field study in real working situations was conducted among customer service agents in the insurance industry. Observations in natural settings, individual interviews and focus groups were conducted using an activity analysis ergonomic approach. Results show the presence of five dynamic factors affecting workload: 1) working tool design considering the task at hand, 2) multiplication and variety of demands, 3) balance between organizational expectations and means to achieve them, 4) simultaneous activities to assure customer satisfaction and, finally, 5) minimal feedback and recognition on a daily basis. These results underline the fact that quantity of work is not necessarily the basis of the problem; rather, workload is closely associated with the conditions in which work activities are being accomplished. This understanding of the daily working reality of customer service agents allowed us to contribute and to improve a comprehensive workload framework. This case study is part of a cumulative effort to document and analyze, in real life situations, various work occupations in order to propose a generalized explanatory framework of workload that can be applied to everyday life.
Keywords: charge de travail, travail réel, intensification du travail, approche ergonomique, préposés au service à la clientèle, workload, daily working reality, work intensification, ergonomic approach, customer service agents, carga de trabajo, trabajo real, intensificación del trabajo, enfoque ergonómico, empleados del servicio a la clientela
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2316.More information
This article presents a qualitative study on the therapeutic experience in a psychiatric day hospital six months after discharge. The study explores the impact of this experience on the lives of people with mental disorders. A qualitative design using semi-structured individual interviews was completed with 18 participants six months after their discharge of a day hospital. Results showed that the day hospital experience was particularly helpful to improve symptoms and relationship with self. It activated a self-transformational process that continued afterwards. Termination created for many, an abrupt void. Issues at stake during the first six months were continuity of care, social support and maintaining skills and knowledge acquired.
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2317.More information
Literature on the management system of small and medium businesses (SMB) managers shows that many SMB have only embryonic management tools and mentions SMB managers' attraction for informal media and verbal information. However; empirical studies have come to somewhat different conclusions : the vision of a rudimentary management accounting data system (MADS) does not correspond with the real nature of all SMB, the managers of SMB are reported to have differentiated attitudes towards such data. Moreover, many specialists explain that the specificity of SMB lies in the wide range of managers' profiles. In this context, the paper aims at determining to what extent SMB managers' profiles can account for their attitudes as regards management accounting data. To achieve this objective, a survey has been conducted by means of direct interviews with 113 managers of small and medium independent businesses. The results show a close relationship between managers' profiles and types of management accounting practices: managers with diverse profiles have MADS of different complexity and use management accounting data differently.
Keywords: Profils de dirigeants, Données comptables de gestion, Systèmes d'information, PME
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2318.More information
Starting with some empirical evidences, this paper aims at contributing to the debate on the new relationships between high tech firms and small subsuppliers. The prevaling framework is the Italian industry. The approach investigates how large high tech firms stimulate the development of small subsuppliers. The analysis is carried out by making reference to a model of technology transfer between large and small firms. In the model, technology is viewed as a set of four components : machinery, professional skills, organizational rules and documents. These components are transported between firms through linkage vectors refered to as technology transfer channels.The survey thus identifies technology transfer channels between high tech firms and small suppliers. The conclusion drawn by this research is that large high tech firms, in order to manage the production cycle and simultaneously meet high quality standards, stimulate and support the growth of the small subsuppliers. Small firms drop the short term perspective and tend to a quantity and quality growth process.
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2319.More information
In Québec, forestry occurs mostly on Aboriginal traditional territories. It is well recognized that sustainable forest management must take into consideration Aboriginal values. However, respecting these values in the management process is difficult to put into practice. In this article, the authors respond to this challenge by exploring how six different forest management models take account of forestland values held by the Innu of Essipit. Using focus groups, the authors identified four principal values – maintaining Innu identity, community development, respect for Nitassinan (the land) and Innu governance. Examining six different forest models, they find that none of these models addresses all the identified values. This suggests that an “Innu forestry” should be based on a variety of models, adapting and integrating them to design a forestry that is culturally appropriate.
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2320.More information
Health and social services in French are accessible to only one quarter of the francophone population in Manitoba (de Moissac, 2011). A shortage of health professionals capable of offering services in French is perceived as a significant obstacle, not only for clients requesting these services but also for health professionals wanting to assure referral and follow-up care in French for their clients. Does the reluctance to identify one's self as francophone and the lack of knowledge in regards to available resources in French contribute to this perception of professional shortage? This article deals with the challenges associated with the offer of health and social services in French in Manitoba and potential solutions to improve access to these services.
Keywords: disponibilité, accessibilité, minorité francophone, Manitoba, professionnels, availability, accessibility, francophone minority, Manitoba, professionals